{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST","short_pith_number":"pith:T3MWFHPP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.11022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-06-10T09:49:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SY","eess.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"2007207de0ff71f5fab8bb48988f819b71e973862d7fcaf0aa93df04a48ff18f","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd5a49c56fe22a822321a10f443e48573e7f2e9b4c51dc2502cfd945901a2cba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ed9629defeacf1076a620a867fbe794fa614ed07101280f3dd3379260325a8e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2106.11022","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.11022","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.11022v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.11022","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T3MWFHPP5LHR","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T3MWFHPP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.11022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-06-10T09:49:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SY","eess.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"2007207de0ff71f5fab8bb48988f819b71e973862d7fcaf0aa93df04a48ff18f","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd5a49c56fe22a822321a10f443e48573e7f2e9b4c51dc2502cfd945901a2cba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ed9629defeacf1076a620a867fbe794fa614ed07101280f3dd3379260325a8e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55.940870Z","signature_b64":"EV6zH4bAV0UG7ITjJHiWjlrpDjtYk/nRGW32DuKvbTA16BCT5dpv98GjE5Iw6ks2rzcwbxzSi7IMtY1GxoPKBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9ed9629defeacf1076a620a867fbe794fa614ed07101280f3dd3379260325a8e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55.940478Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55.940478Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2106.11022","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"10dUImHyexdvAjMhtaKk+5bJexyfwbVGy+pLHSJmVbC3BjqsraOxi0n9jB3/8ujG6h3WUrZmO4vTAC6C8F3IDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T19:01:11.568637Z"},"content_sha256":"c067e24e094b95afd378c4acf17296480f56d9cc2e91b14f8f853763be4b7ae7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c067e24e094b95afd378c4acf17296480f56d9cc2e91b14f8f853763be4b7ae7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Hard Choices in Artificial Intelligence","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.SY","eess.SY"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Roel Dobbe, Thomas Krendl Gilbert, Yonatan Mintz","submitted_at":"2021-06-10T09:49:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"As AI systems are integrated into high stakes social domains, researchers now examine how to design and operate them in a safe and ethical manner. However, the criteria for identifying and diagnosing safety risks in complex social contexts remain unclear and contested. In this paper, we examine the vagueness in debates about the safety and ethical behavior of AI systems. We show how this vagueness cannot be resolved through mathematical formalism alone, instead requiring deliberation about the politics of development as well as the context of deployment. Drawing from a new sociotechnical lexic"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.11022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2106.11022/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Aj4IBldoe1oDjj80IZvw6F/vniLdT1Y30L+AmuqdF3D/JB8mzhQsTYapQ/mf9+/YUj2e7nA89QygQIISkZJJBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T19:01:11.569528Z"},"content_sha256":"b52a4bdbc0cb02972a653c32e1da9014a3cdbe2f620c074bd66c2cbef3e2c395","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b52a4bdbc0cb02972a653c32e1da9014a3cdbe2f620c074bd66c2cbef3e2c395"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T19:01:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VGECUGP67HST","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd5a49c56fe22a822321a10f443e48573e7f2e9b4c51dc2502cfd945901a2cba","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SY","eess.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-06-10T09:49:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"2007207de0ff71f5fab8bb48988f819b71e973862d7fcaf0aa93df04a48ff18f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.11022","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.11022","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.11022v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.11022","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T3MWFHPP5LHR","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T3MWFHPP5LHRA5VG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T3MWFHPP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b52a4bdbc0cb02972a653c32e1da9014a3cdbe2f620c074bd66c2cbef3e2c395","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2106.11022/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As AI systems are integrated into high stakes social domains, researchers now examine how to design and operate them in a safe and ethical manner. However, the criteria for identifying and diagnosing safety risks in complex social contexts remain unclear and contested. In this paper, we examine the vagueness in debates about the safety and ethical behavior of AI systems. We show how this vagueness cannot be resolved through mathematical formalism alone, instead requiring deliberation about the politics of development as well as the context of deployment. Drawing from a new sociotechnical lexic","authors_text":"Roel Dobbe, Thomas Krendl Gilbert, Yonatan Mintz","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.SY","eess.SY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-06-10T09:49:34Z","title":"Hard Choices in Artificial Intelligence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.11022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c067e24e094b95afd378c4acf17296480f56d9cc2e91b14f8f853763be4b7ae7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd5a49c56fe22a822321a10f443e48573e7f2e9b4c51dc2502cfd945901a2cba","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SY","eess.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-06-10T09:49:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"2007207de0ff71f5fab8bb48988f819b71e973862d7fcaf0aa93df04a48ff18f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.11022","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9ed9629defeacf1076a620a867fbe794fa614ed07101280f3dd3379260325a8e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9ed9629defeacf1076a620a867fbe794fa614ed07101280f3dd3379260325a8e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55.940478Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55.940478Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EV6zH4bAV0UG7ITjJHiWjlrpDjtYk/nRGW32DuKvbTA16BCT5dpv98GjE5Iw6ks2rzcwbxzSi7IMtY1GxoPKBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:55.940870Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2106.11022","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c067e24e094b95afd378c4acf17296480f56d9cc2e91b14f8f853763be4b7ae7","sha256:b52a4bdbc0cb02972a653c32e1da9014a3cdbe2f620c074bd66c2cbef3e2c395"],"state_sha256":"424f711556474dfbc5cc557d67fd08fc8722afe3dac0bccb487fb7b90d315b73"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"igLMi3uLOf47mEitedMt4NDA8VbmSYqasy83HywfYk2VtahpfDfS1AZQqxpBy4btOb8gNSJRXUFcpG6VVyE4DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T19:01:11.599132Z","bundle_sha256":"963a88ba5c519fd70dd8e5771d6e3c7d314339e74a33204eff4fe74909309fb0"}}