{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3","short_pith_number":"pith:TP67S6NV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.12523","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-04-06T04:51:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"de8d0adf6ace25d9fee5773d280de41758df17d8cf70bcf7a28edfc7d7c32ef1","abstract_canon_sha256":"e5636587ec4394d4eba58d034ccad7f69279a3712bcd096b77262108ffe7f05e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9bfdf979b5f982cb7cb425227816893eca80b7fbc9b846e7e88df231ce549ad1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.12523","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.12523","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.12523v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.12523","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TP67S6NV7GBM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TP67S6NV7GBMW7FU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TP67S6NV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.12523","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-04-06T04:51:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"de8d0adf6ace25d9fee5773d280de41758df17d8cf70bcf7a28edfc7d7c32ef1","abstract_canon_sha256":"e5636587ec4394d4eba58d034ccad7f69279a3712bcd096b77262108ffe7f05e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9bfdf979b5f982cb7cb425227816893eca80b7fbc9b846e7e88df231ce549ad1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02.845136Z","signature_b64":"0E/+KzBvDNxfjsdlRHRH8pD1+z/orNEDIbvhTSuGf5J8dOGBmtg17kpjcO5MngxZcF6iJYMomYrxjOG/AhAoCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9bfdf979b5f982cb7cb425227816893eca80b7fbc9b846e7e88df231ce549ad1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02.844523Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02.844523Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.12523","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wBDdI1noD3ki2g8WJTb79kcurKAl3N+fFbTcpaIAauR9wSMKRSvdW/o6YNP3rVSYG7maukVv+DpQR/e9L2MtAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T16:16:57.010165Z"},"content_sha256":"297b29fe30935b960f0edf22415d53111ed6f6a6a9b13b9b5e816c3a46e3c796","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:297b29fe30935b960f0edf22415d53111ed6f6a6a9b13b9b5e816c3a46e3c796"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Exploring how EFL students talk to and through AI to develop texts","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Students' different ways of sharing writing responsibility with AI show no significant impact on their final text quality.","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chi Ho Yeung, David James Woo, Deliang Wang, Kai Guo, Yangyang Yu, Yilin Huang","submitted_at":"2026-04-06T04:51:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) introduces new considerations for English as a foreign language (EFL) writing pedagogy. This study explores how students talk to and through AI by prompt engineering and negotiating authorship, respectively, and whether any patterns in the latter relate to students' writing performance. Using an exploratory mixed methods design, we analyzed screen recordings of 44 Hong Kong secondary students completing a Curricular Writing Task with AI Chatbots. Content analysis identified ten types of prompting strategies students employed, including questions, searche"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"A MANOVA analysis indicated no significant multivariate effect of rhetorical load responsibility on three dimensions of students' writing performance: content, language, and organization.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the clustering of prompting strategies into three responsibility profiles is stable and meaningful, and that the 44-student sample provides adequate power for detecting differences in the MANOVA.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"EFL students' prompting strategies with AI cluster into AI-dominant, human-dominant, and collaborative profiles, yet these profiles show no significant link to writing performance in content, language, or organization.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Students' different ways of sharing writing responsibility with AI show no significant impact on their final text quality.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"ad22d1cd9d78faffcb6544ed4c83fbf5d81291fc4e2e1deb8995d9b060f16f1e"},"source":{"id":"2605.12523","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"9c03eadb-0f3d-4290-87ea-6870cb938987","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T21:17:49.481751Z","strongest_claim":"A MANOVA analysis indicated no significant multivariate effect of rhetorical load responsibility on three dimensions of students' writing performance: content, language, and organization.","one_line_summary":"EFL students' prompting strategies with AI cluster into AI-dominant, human-dominant, and collaborative profiles, yet these profiles show no significant link to writing performance in content, language, or organization.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the clustering of prompting strategies into three responsibility profiles is stable and meaningful, and that the 44-student sample provides adequate power for detecting differences in the MANOVA.","pith_extraction_headline":"Students' different ways of sharing writing responsibility with AI show no significant impact on their final text quality."},"references":{"count":3,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"I can understand genre / process and its approach to writing. 2. I can understand ChatGPT and identify its tasks 3. I can understand prompts and identify their categories 4. I can write prompts for di","work_id":"230b46c9-32fb-4fdf-8d26-b3d326e0bf17","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"Introduction to writing approach (B1","work_id":"7ec4311e-8cd6-43d0-a285-eb65adf2c85d","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"Google Docs 3","work_id":"a01995f5-b9bd-4ba3-8a08-cfaeeef3c0f9","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":3,"snapshot_sha256":"0552f1b82b6b37c74d5825e2678279b3b5a6cd28ff3702471964c7c5f1700bef","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"9c03eadb-0f3d-4290-87ea-6870cb938987"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DFbLV/1EE9r5ekcrusgtcZtplGg7/KjfofgFxAc8twk6vAAkM20zkfCisF+RpG8Bl1B8wCfwo1sPv62mh9azCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T16:16:57.010672Z"},"content_sha256":"ce5891278f7c38e34041b33d7fbd892269a6226f791c55355df481edc5e221f0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ce5891278f7c38e34041b33d7fbd892269a6226f791c55355df481edc5e221f0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-25T16:16:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:TP67S6NV7GBMW7FUEURHQFUJH3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e5636587ec4394d4eba58d034ccad7f69279a3712bcd096b77262108ffe7f05e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-04-06T04:51:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"de8d0adf6ace25d9fee5773d280de41758df17d8cf70bcf7a28edfc7d7c32ef1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.12523","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.12523","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.12523v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.12523","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TP67S6NV7GBM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TP67S6NV7GBMW7FU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TP67S6NV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ce5891278f7c38e34041b33d7fbd892269a6226f791c55355df481edc5e221f0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"A MANOVA analysis indicated no significant multivariate effect of rhetorical load responsibility on three dimensions of students' writing performance: content, language, and organization."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"That the clustering of prompting strategies into three responsibility profiles is stable and meaningful, and that the 44-student sample provides adequate power for detecting differences in the MANOVA."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"EFL students' prompting strategies with AI cluster into AI-dominant, human-dominant, and collaborative profiles, yet these profiles show no significant link to writing performance in content, language, or organization."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Students' different ways of sharing writing responsibility with AI show no significant impact on their final text quality."}],"snapshot_sha256":"ad22d1cd9d78faffcb6544ed4c83fbf5d81291fc4e2e1deb8995d9b060f16f1e"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) introduces new considerations for English as a foreign language (EFL) writing pedagogy. This study explores how students talk to and through AI by prompt engineering and negotiating authorship, respectively, and whether any patterns in the latter relate to students' writing performance. Using an exploratory mixed methods design, we analyzed screen recordings of 44 Hong Kong secondary students completing a Curricular Writing Task with AI Chatbots. Content analysis identified ten types of prompting strategies students employed, including questions, searche","authors_text":"Chi Ho Yeung, David James Woo, Deliang Wang, Kai Guo, Yangyang Yu, Yilin Huang","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"headline":"Students' different ways of sharing writing responsibility with AI show no significant impact on their final text quality.","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-04-06T04:51:05Z","title":"Exploring how EFL students talk to and through AI to develop texts"},"references":{"count":3,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":3,"sample":[{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":1,"title":"I can understand genre / process and its approach to writing. 2. I can understand ChatGPT and identify its tasks 3. I can understand prompts and identify their categories 4. I can write prompts for di","work_id":"230b46c9-32fb-4fdf-8d26-b3d326e0bf17","year":null},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":2,"title":"Introduction to writing approach (B1","work_id":"7ec4311e-8cd6-43d0-a285-eb65adf2c85d","year":null},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":3,"title":"Google Docs 3","work_id":"a01995f5-b9bd-4ba3-8a08-cfaeeef3c0f9","year":null}],"snapshot_sha256":"0552f1b82b6b37c74d5825e2678279b3b5a6cd28ff3702471964c7c5f1700bef"},"source":{"id":"2605.12523","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-14T21:17:49.481751Z","id":"9c03eadb-0f3d-4290-87ea-6870cb938987","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"EFL students' prompting strategies with AI cluster into AI-dominant, human-dominant, and collaborative profiles, yet these profiles show no significant link to writing performance in content, language, or organization.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"Students' different ways of sharing writing responsibility with AI show no significant impact on their final text quality.","strongest_claim":"A MANOVA analysis indicated no significant multivariate effect of rhetorical load responsibility on three dimensions of students' writing performance: content, language, and organization.","weakest_assumption":"That the clustering of prompting strategies into three responsibility profiles is stable and meaningful, and that the 44-student sample provides adequate power for detecting differences in the MANOVA."}},"verdict_id":"9c03eadb-0f3d-4290-87ea-6870cb938987"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:297b29fe30935b960f0edf22415d53111ed6f6a6a9b13b9b5e816c3a46e3c796","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e5636587ec4394d4eba58d034ccad7f69279a3712bcd096b77262108ffe7f05e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-04-06T04:51:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"de8d0adf6ace25d9fee5773d280de41758df17d8cf70bcf7a28edfc7d7c32ef1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.12523","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9bfdf979b5f982cb7cb425227816893eca80b7fbc9b846e7e88df231ce549ad1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9bfdf979b5f982cb7cb425227816893eca80b7fbc9b846e7e88df231ce549ad1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02.844523Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02.844523Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0E/+KzBvDNxfjsdlRHRH8pD1+z/orNEDIbvhTSuGf5J8dOGBmtg17kpjcO5MngxZcF6iJYMomYrxjOG/AhAoCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:02.845136Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.12523","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:297b29fe30935b960f0edf22415d53111ed6f6a6a9b13b9b5e816c3a46e3c796","sha256:ce5891278f7c38e34041b33d7fbd892269a6226f791c55355df481edc5e221f0"],"state_sha256":"8343fd0039dc805fe4d423485aabab31323afac29077f6e8f74279e6334fa95c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wIsG0NbNDQIScx+Vp3+9/0PJzEUsiJTasRG3HwWE/xLVufwHZZhgYv3IXDMMZzcxvjWZWn5mTH/YgEvoyIMaBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T16:16:57.013052Z","bundle_sha256":"f2023a854076e92d2e1db0104efcf00ecb593704940dc988cd282e79f1ac1a4d"}}