{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO","short_pith_number":"pith:UDE3IROQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1502.05715","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-19T21:00:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"55a5f6b2705052a6845d43500ccb3e3e2ba927ef414f5c5b77c45a149893b875","abstract_canon_sha256":"c3c8fddf54a11e0b5a8fd9da2bb50874292b622effa29be61a54844c75eac32e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a0c9b445d05aeb8ebaf904d81ac6d143a4e1f69cff5d327648604a7e170cbd8b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1502.05715","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1502.05715","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1502.05715v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1502.05715","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UDE3IROQLLVY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UDE3IROQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1502.05715","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-19T21:00:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"55a5f6b2705052a6845d43500ccb3e3e2ba927ef414f5c5b77c45a149893b875","abstract_canon_sha256":"c3c8fddf54a11e0b5a8fd9da2bb50874292b622effa29be61a54844c75eac32e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a0c9b445d05aeb8ebaf904d81ac6d143a4e1f69cff5d327648604a7e170cbd8b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00.684034Z","signature_b64":"HG55sHOpltcg6wxbrjpHKT61cPEhZOikCfLsddze1ChCwqsFVYZWnW2ITSJIxZ7EqdJc/lxbzRgloJ8dUx0mDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a0c9b445d05aeb8ebaf904d81ac6d143a4e1f69cff5d327648604a7e170cbd8b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00.683287Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00.683287Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1502.05715","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aVz6w1ke4vYstZUiNGY++9Hq/rPPuHYIuAHs0n3IpfoPD0GVACQwPvL6YBvPL+WQwiK5NLtz8TWn+K2bm1R3AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T07:33:57.022215Z"},"content_sha256":"f863b80a2584233bf8834775ad3d4e04dca4c5a16e9ba1bcbdd4f6ed17514b99","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f863b80a2584233bf8834775ad3d4e04dca4c5a16e9ba1bcbdd4f6ed17514b99"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The broadening of Lyman-alpha forest absorption lines","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"(2) Institute for Computational Cosmology, (3) Leiden Observatory, Antonella Garzilli (1), Joop Schaye (3) ((1) Lorentz Institute, Leiden University, Leiden University), Tom Theuns (2), University of Durham","submitted_at":"2015-02-19T21:00:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"We provide an analytical description of the line broadening of HI absorbers in the Lyman-alpha forest resulting from Doppler broadening and Jeans smoothing. We demonstrate that our relation captures the dependence of the line-width on column density for narrow lines in z~3 mock spectra remarkably well. Broad lines at a given column density arise when the underlying density structure is more complex, and such clustering is not captured by our model. Our understanding of the line broadening opens the way to a new method to characterise the thermal state of the intergalactic medium and to determi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1502.05715","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x3qRdiV3Rn5vq7uMddx0grc4oJwWbEJbmSHHIJgM3DEB1BtHgghgIkE5lka52KkxI2e7nPx2MK1+kZ4MJF8nCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T07:33:57.022957Z"},"content_sha256":"ce032fab4124c1f844444ab7c6c38011b6a991605024506f7c8bbada2a6a45b5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ce032fab4124c1f844444ab7c6c38011b6a991605024506f7c8bbada2a6a45b5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T07:33:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZATMBVRWRIO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c3c8fddf54a11e0b5a8fd9da2bb50874292b622effa29be61a54844c75eac32e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-19T21:00:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"55a5f6b2705052a6845d43500ccb3e3e2ba927ef414f5c5b77c45a149893b875"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1502.05715","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1502.05715","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1502.05715v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1502.05715","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UDE3IROQLLVY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UDE3IROQLLVY5OXZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UDE3IROQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ce032fab4124c1f844444ab7c6c38011b6a991605024506f7c8bbada2a6a45b5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We provide an analytical description of the line broadening of HI absorbers in the Lyman-alpha forest resulting from Doppler broadening and Jeans smoothing. We demonstrate that our relation captures the dependence of the line-width on column density for narrow lines in z~3 mock spectra remarkably well. Broad lines at a given column density arise when the underlying density structure is more complex, and such clustering is not captured by our model. Our understanding of the line broadening opens the way to a new method to characterise the thermal state of the intergalactic medium and to determi","authors_text":"(2) Institute for Computational Cosmology, (3) Leiden Observatory, Antonella Garzilli (1), Joop Schaye (3) ((1) Lorentz Institute, Leiden University, Leiden University), Tom Theuns (2), University of Durham","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-19T21:00:16Z","title":"The broadening of Lyman-alpha forest absorption lines"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1502.05715","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f863b80a2584233bf8834775ad3d4e04dca4c5a16e9ba1bcbdd4f6ed17514b99","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c3c8fddf54a11e0b5a8fd9da2bb50874292b622effa29be61a54844c75eac32e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-02-19T21:00:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"55a5f6b2705052a6845d43500ccb3e3e2ba927ef414f5c5b77c45a149893b875"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1502.05715","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a0c9b445d05aeb8ebaf904d81ac6d143a4e1f69cff5d327648604a7e170cbd8b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a0c9b445d05aeb8ebaf904d81ac6d143a4e1f69cff5d327648604a7e170cbd8b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00.683287Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00.683287Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HG55sHOpltcg6wxbrjpHKT61cPEhZOikCfLsddze1ChCwqsFVYZWnW2ITSJIxZ7EqdJc/lxbzRgloJ8dUx0mDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:00.684034Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1502.05715","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f863b80a2584233bf8834775ad3d4e04dca4c5a16e9ba1bcbdd4f6ed17514b99","sha256:ce032fab4124c1f844444ab7c6c38011b6a991605024506f7c8bbada2a6a45b5"],"state_sha256":"fcd9f4a11830cbbe9439652d8f4f6f77a9e6c8752826855d5e0ef676cee50681"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1rcntX49pY9kPBblXQlrLfkVabd+JiRGDlgmhIsI9DMG5jFA+BYYIv38tR3J4/2YEMuzZ2Lz8+uoFdmn/S0NAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T07:33:57.027085Z","bundle_sha256":"052af477bc211876d38bc6b35b73212f32f0b62200a5cfe85fa9f54d3b815b40"}}