{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2012:URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4","short_pith_number":"pith:URBSW2QB","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"a4432b6a01823a88af69c6c88c9d59c71335bdd9f04129882abb4673fe1b156e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1209.4415","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Rashba Spin Orbit Interaction and Birefringent Electron Optics in Graphene","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Mahmoud M. Asmar, Sergio E. Ulloa","submitted_at":"2012-09-20T04:01:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Electron optics exploits the analogies between rays in geometrical optics and electron trajectories, leading to interesting insights and potential applications. Graphene, with its two-dimensionality and photon-like behavior of its charge carriers, is the perfect candidate for the exploitation of electron optics. We show that a circular gate-controlled region in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction in graphene may indeed behave as a Veselago electronic lens but with two different indices of refraction. We demonstrate that this birefringence results in complex caustics patterns for a ci"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.4415","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2012-09-20T04:01:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"334920f037193c58a2317f374e6d1fddb8487e772d65e063828ed1dec6f416a5","abstract_canon_sha256":"5ba7023c2fb10a6ca6faf461f9273ee1b88baebc3305fe21c8b6b896bc06322a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:33:13.855920Z","signature_b64":"P8eozmt5WGP2+lcxylT4D5l5WnUdYxYoysJi7f7G1pNMnsryj0LIexuDgjdyPst/JLcDQ40MBdtdpG31MlmHAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a4432b6a01823a88af69c6c88c9d59c71335bdd9f04129882abb4673fe1b156e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:33:13.855174Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:33:13.855174Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rashba Spin Orbit Interaction and Birefringent Electron Optics in Graphene","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Mahmoud M. Asmar, Sergio E. Ulloa","submitted_at":"2012-09-20T04:01:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Electron optics exploits the analogies between rays in geometrical optics and electron trajectories, leading to interesting insights and potential applications. Graphene, with its two-dimensionality and photon-like behavior of its charge carriers, is the perfect candidate for the exploitation of electron optics. We show that a circular gate-controlled region in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction in graphene may indeed behave as a Veselago electronic lens but with two different indices of refraction. We demonstrate that this birefringence results in complex caustics patterns for a ci"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.4415","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.4415","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:33:13.855304+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.4415v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:33:13.855304+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.4415","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:33:13.855304+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"URBSW2QBQI5I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23.164592+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"URBSW2QBQI5IRL3J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23.164592+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"URBSW2QB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23.164592+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4","json":"https://pith.science/pith/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/URBSW2QB"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/URBSW2QB","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1209.4415&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/URBSW2QBQI5IRL3JY3EIZHKZY4/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:33:13.855304+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T03:33:13.855304+00:00"}