{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3","short_pith_number":"pith:URYQ2DME","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.24128","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-23T04:22:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8d1b9d3b1e41ba7058afde7509c53e8ec01c5b724c390689c8f41cf1033a146a","abstract_canon_sha256":"805c11a4cfe87b7dd5ac2b8d5653a8871d3cba7d62bd8747e0441489921f66d9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a4710d0d84eeba8d28a4ace8deaca14ef86170cf706245401864e343d38f3f26","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2606.24128","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.24128","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.24128v1","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.24128","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"URYQ2DME525I","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"URYQ2DME525I2KFE","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"URYQ2DME","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.24128","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-23T04:22:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8d1b9d3b1e41ba7058afde7509c53e8ec01c5b724c390689c8f41cf1033a146a","abstract_canon_sha256":"805c11a4cfe87b7dd5ac2b8d5653a8871d3cba7d62bd8747e0441489921f66d9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a4710d0d84eeba8d28a4ace8deaca14ef86170cf706245401864e343d38f3f26","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41.819991Z","signature_b64":"s5ci7jijLPpOYYoaJH7q/bk/itquTi6vMkh5yRa3/ufBuGdWNcn6+xo6r3n7qIWXTem4GR3MzRBQ+757MQ0eAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a4710d0d84eeba8d28a4ace8deaca14ef86170cf706245401864e343d38f3f26","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41.819580Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41.819580Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2606.24128","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m0o8sIlHAsQl/zfNep6VSu9jdLhdgjr9lQvtDtFvVsIQcYi8RL9NO5Vx/wHTL00LczIJfKUM9b5c6zd58wqqBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T23:44:05.110246Z"},"content_sha256":"b73067cfa0c1f73d9410b24cd319fbcb241b11c70decc822c01f4860f5d165fc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b73067cfa0c1f73d9410b24cd319fbcb241b11c70decc822c01f4860f5d165fc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dynamics of diffusive-convective staircases in the ocean","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Jeffrey R. Carpenter, Mary-Louise Timmermans","submitted_at":"2026-06-23T04:22:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"Diffusive-convective (DC) staircases in the ocean are observed across a wide range of settings, but their formation, structure, and persistence are not fully understood. Theories for DC staircases are reviewed to identify mechanisms governing their development and evolution. Staircase evolution through layer merging and possibly interface splitting, including the relationship to background turbulence, is assessed. Oceanographic examples illustrate the variety of settings in which DC staircases are found, and how they can persist under weak turbulence but are disrupted when turbulence becomes s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.24128","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.24128/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XO+WqR9x8A+akwsbGGz2qrSh3EwglXntb+QBXbGuAxqIBuewvG92qZslBcohRPIp0ywgGigM2T3nanw8g7oZAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T23:44:05.110631Z"},"content_sha256":"b5b3c71fcea9e6a1df817a8f0074a5b66e14788084350efd12e905cabb25218c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b5b3c71fcea9e6a1df817a8f0074a5b66e14788084350efd12e905cabb25218c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-30T23:44:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:URYQ2DME525I2KFEVTUN5LFBJ3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"805c11a4cfe87b7dd5ac2b8d5653a8871d3cba7d62bd8747e0441489921f66d9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-23T04:22:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d1b9d3b1e41ba7058afde7509c53e8ec01c5b724c390689c8f41cf1033a146a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.24128","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.24128","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.24128v1","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.24128","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"URYQ2DME525I","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"URYQ2DME525I2KFE","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"URYQ2DME","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b5b3c71fcea9e6a1df817a8f0074a5b66e14788084350efd12e905cabb25218c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2606.24128/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Diffusive-convective (DC) staircases in the ocean are observed across a wide range of settings, but their formation, structure, and persistence are not fully understood. Theories for DC staircases are reviewed to identify mechanisms governing their development and evolution. Staircase evolution through layer merging and possibly interface splitting, including the relationship to background turbulence, is assessed. Oceanographic examples illustrate the variety of settings in which DC staircases are found, and how they can persist under weak turbulence but are disrupted when turbulence becomes s","authors_text":"Jeffrey R. Carpenter, Mary-Louise Timmermans","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-23T04:22:58Z","title":"Dynamics of diffusive-convective staircases in the ocean"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.24128","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b73067cfa0c1f73d9410b24cd319fbcb241b11c70decc822c01f4860f5d165fc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"805c11a4cfe87b7dd5ac2b8d5653a8871d3cba7d62bd8747e0441489921f66d9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2026-06-23T04:22:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d1b9d3b1e41ba7058afde7509c53e8ec01c5b724c390689c8f41cf1033a146a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.24128","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a4710d0d84eeba8d28a4ace8deaca14ef86170cf706245401864e343d38f3f26","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a4710d0d84eeba8d28a4ace8deaca14ef86170cf706245401864e343d38f3f26","first_computed_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41.819580Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41.819580Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"s5ci7jijLPpOYYoaJH7q/bk/itquTi6vMkh5yRa3/ufBuGdWNcn6+xo6r3n7qIWXTem4GR3MzRBQ+757MQ0eAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-24T01:14:41.819991Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2606.24128","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b73067cfa0c1f73d9410b24cd319fbcb241b11c70decc822c01f4860f5d165fc","sha256:b5b3c71fcea9e6a1df817a8f0074a5b66e14788084350efd12e905cabb25218c"],"state_sha256":"20b5f12b959327ce763e41309935d87ceba40fb1555444a1f96c5a24da22f163"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8MiT45VYTulBMyXeKiLbDHAJpqXHENCeY9RSAcGfIc57N4/t5/2e0k3IbUP2jPrqQnfnBXI3sxXOB3ydFYQfDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T23:44:05.112698Z","bundle_sha256":"96d799df24d2ef3c5d0e1a82693c5e3e34888dda1e6d423992259a4b7d2f1b41"}}