{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ","short_pith_number":"pith:UU3SON36","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.17652","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-12-29T15:38:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"fc7cddb325292a1669f0b5b93d19de7e3d169a696406859b35ec0169a8f32a35","abstract_canon_sha256":"86ead191a39d3d59ca7d432df5c7926392148693245005691188442ec1d75061"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a53727377ec011f0acd476a10ab8a6567c8b4254ac2a5bf49bd605ced25aa3c0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.17652","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.17652","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.17652v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.17652","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UU3SON36YAI7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UU3SON36YAI7BLGU","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UU3SON36","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.17652","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-12-29T15:38:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"fc7cddb325292a1669f0b5b93d19de7e3d169a696406859b35ec0169a8f32a35","abstract_canon_sha256":"86ead191a39d3d59ca7d432df5c7926392148693245005691188442ec1d75061"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a53727377ec011f0acd476a10ab8a6567c8b4254ac2a5bf49bd605ced25aa3c0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54.840442Z","signature_b64":"57vt7sW3XOYO2UARGyP8qP2Jg56GrW2754Sqn77pPTeuBfY9jJweLLD9tYc5+6UfCrOGKl5gK7YM3fFSQPrABQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a53727377ec011f0acd476a10ab8a6567c8b4254ac2a5bf49bd605ced25aa3c0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54.839683Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54.839683Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.17652","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AF5ZMxGm3cHFxVs94NCGANynxIekbHHiLYf7KOKceAL4k7R/n+GYOCbv+nmOhtJ7CjDBFjkF74dUBZYXo379Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T11:15:29.653395Z"},"content_sha256":"96816b04955c81be664e98acc463d205a372d67dd1df5ccd280af0ceac0e3c6a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:96816b04955c81be664e98acc463d205a372d67dd1df5ccd280af0ceac0e3c6a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Spin-orbit torques and magnetization switching in Gd/Fe multilayers generated by current injection in NiCu alloys","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Charles-Henri Lambert, Federica Nasr, Federico Binda, Giacomo Sala, Paul No\\\"el, Pietro Gambardella","submitted_at":"2023-12-29T15:38:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Light transition metals have recently emerged as a sustainable material class for efficient spin-charge interconversion. We report measurements of current-induced spin-orbit torques generated by Ni$_{1-x}$Cu$_{x}$ alloys in perpendicularly magnetized ferrimagnetic Gd/Fe multilayers. We show that the spin-orbit torque efficiency of Ni$_{1-x}$Cu$_{x}$ increases with the Ni/Cu atomic ratio, reaching values comparable to those of Pt for Ni$_{55}$Cu$_{45}$. Furthermore, we demonstrate magnetization switching of a 20-nm-thick Gd/Fe multilayer with a threshold current that decreases with increasing N"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.17652","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.17652/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TGntpgGE3Gzk1fm9UuE2MwP7j9mRYm1s3m9Bj/OWUdnX5XLYuKfsr+hai2MPYzvODW1Xj3c6mzEbFPXnE8x7Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T11:15:29.653768Z"},"content_sha256":"8e212f543ad815742ceb844da95a945340236becf31694caa847275ce28c909c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8e212f543ad815742ceb844da95a945340236becf31694caa847275ce28c909c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T11:15:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:UU3SON36YAI7BLGUO2QQVOFGKZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"86ead191a39d3d59ca7d432df5c7926392148693245005691188442ec1d75061","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-12-29T15:38:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"fc7cddb325292a1669f0b5b93d19de7e3d169a696406859b35ec0169a8f32a35"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.17652","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.17652","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.17652v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.17652","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UU3SON36YAI7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UU3SON36YAI7BLGU","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UU3SON36","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8e212f543ad815742ceb844da95a945340236becf31694caa847275ce28c909c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.17652/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Light transition metals have recently emerged as a sustainable material class for efficient spin-charge interconversion. We report measurements of current-induced spin-orbit torques generated by Ni$_{1-x}$Cu$_{x}$ alloys in perpendicularly magnetized ferrimagnetic Gd/Fe multilayers. We show that the spin-orbit torque efficiency of Ni$_{1-x}$Cu$_{x}$ increases with the Ni/Cu atomic ratio, reaching values comparable to those of Pt for Ni$_{55}$Cu$_{45}$. Furthermore, we demonstrate magnetization switching of a 20-nm-thick Gd/Fe multilayer with a threshold current that decreases with increasing N","authors_text":"Charles-Henri Lambert, Federica Nasr, Federico Binda, Giacomo Sala, Paul No\\\"el, Pietro Gambardella","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-12-29T15:38:34Z","title":"Spin-orbit torques and magnetization switching in Gd/Fe multilayers generated by current injection in NiCu alloys"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.17652","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:96816b04955c81be664e98acc463d205a372d67dd1df5ccd280af0ceac0e3c6a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"86ead191a39d3d59ca7d432df5c7926392148693245005691188442ec1d75061","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-12-29T15:38:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"fc7cddb325292a1669f0b5b93d19de7e3d169a696406859b35ec0169a8f32a35"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.17652","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a53727377ec011f0acd476a10ab8a6567c8b4254ac2a5bf49bd605ced25aa3c0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a53727377ec011f0acd476a10ab8a6567c8b4254ac2a5bf49bd605ced25aa3c0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54.839683Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54.839683Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"57vt7sW3XOYO2UARGyP8qP2Jg56GrW2754Sqn77pPTeuBfY9jJweLLD9tYc5+6UfCrOGKl5gK7YM3fFSQPrABQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:54.840442Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.17652","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:96816b04955c81be664e98acc463d205a372d67dd1df5ccd280af0ceac0e3c6a","sha256:8e212f543ad815742ceb844da95a945340236becf31694caa847275ce28c909c"],"state_sha256":"1d97ef8651bbb4531db0f0a5e2f173f957febe5ff049fbb6052eb06a5bbc0831"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g+vW8ezMYV6GizrZBwHKarXjgewXeTndTmeiP/U7QcFKwfYqZU5f0oEd9UqI6D7td6ZZZIebnOY3kAxnbdQqBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T11:15:29.656549Z","bundle_sha256":"7886144a65a0999c8620822e05e1aad02e76ac9089a18d1d247518637b1b08c8"}}