{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X","short_pith_number":"pith:V6YZHH54","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.4223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-10-11T02:43:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.chem-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"6e8bd4e41b99fb6dd4a68e5b93de7018c5f5168ed3e47b59c667a4a6c3648cea","abstract_canon_sha256":"93249230632034008589ac73eec0e4dedf63662c7e4015815fc78af1c2ef62d3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"afb1939fbca79a95664941dda09e63edcec04e8663112c82690489c1cbe96b7f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1410.4223","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.4223","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.4223v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.4223","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V6YZHH54U6NJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V6YZHH54","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.4223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-10-11T02:43:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.chem-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"6e8bd4e41b99fb6dd4a68e5b93de7018c5f5168ed3e47b59c667a4a6c3648cea","abstract_canon_sha256":"93249230632034008589ac73eec0e4dedf63662c7e4015815fc78af1c2ef62d3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"afb1939fbca79a95664941dda09e63edcec04e8663112c82690489c1cbe96b7f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56.620781Z","signature_b64":"nKj0ji+MIVCl39BlWZSRt/CPd06oM6+tQEOnP177a7A0Xf0WM4GtIdljncsPk3Pm3typRSpQHWvj769eF1vIAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"afb1939fbca79a95664941dda09e63edcec04e8663112c82690489c1cbe96b7f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56.620342Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56.620342Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1410.4223","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lVEEu/NTwGonBPs4Udyy+IzQOpus/ufHd/+G+yQ+qOdFp+sthDqlUbc8tmJOmt5UqeuIvNA1xK8JQDQa7u7fCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-03T01:35:59.511707Z"},"content_sha256":"03bb1a4589ee9c313e2c2c9845d4782d1b6ce817a0850ebf132014c0aae1e5c8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:03bb1a4589ee9c313e2c2c9845d4782d1b6ce817a0850ebf132014c0aae1e5c8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Manganese reduction/oxidation reaction on graphene composites as a reversible process for storing enormous energy at a fast rate","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.chem-ph"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Chengjun Xu, Chunguang Wei, Feiyu Kang, Jia Li, Shan Shi, Yanyi Chen","submitted_at":"2014-10-11T02:43:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) is a basic process for fuel cells or metal air batteries. However, ORR/OER generally requires noble metal catalysts and suffers from low solubility (10-3 molar per liter) of O2, low kinetics rate (10-6 cm2/s) and low reversibility. We report a manganese reduction/oxidation reaction (MRR/MOR) on graphene/MnO2 composites, delivering a high capacity (4200 mAh/g), fast kinetics (0.0024 cm2/s, three orders higher than ORR/OER), high solubility (three orders than O2), and high reversibility (100%). We further use MRR/MOR to invent a rechargeable manganes"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.4223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0vwxPOvWUWhzHSANQFW8YrFua2UuS2lJjtGBcLvtf0ppAhjcn6EK6rWJEy+PXZNifFId/DICalqGFfn5XObtAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-03T01:35:59.512048Z"},"content_sha256":"70ea844281f7b2e3e0b540035534f59f3b4d6ee71cfe84736267494cc5b404db","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:70ea844281f7b2e3e0b540035534f59f3b4d6ee71cfe84736267494cc5b404db"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-03T01:35:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJIHO2BHTD5X","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"93249230632034008589ac73eec0e4dedf63662c7e4015815fc78af1c2ef62d3","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.chem-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-10-11T02:43:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"6e8bd4e41b99fb6dd4a68e5b93de7018c5f5168ed3e47b59c667a4a6c3648cea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.4223","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.4223","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.4223v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.4223","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"V6YZHH54U6NJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"V6YZHH54U6NJKZSJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"V6YZHH54","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:70ea844281f7b2e3e0b540035534f59f3b4d6ee71cfe84736267494cc5b404db","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) is a basic process for fuel cells or metal air batteries. However, ORR/OER generally requires noble metal catalysts and suffers from low solubility (10-3 molar per liter) of O2, low kinetics rate (10-6 cm2/s) and low reversibility. We report a manganese reduction/oxidation reaction (MRR/MOR) on graphene/MnO2 composites, delivering a high capacity (4200 mAh/g), fast kinetics (0.0024 cm2/s, three orders higher than ORR/OER), high solubility (three orders than O2), and high reversibility (100%). We further use MRR/MOR to invent a rechargeable manganes","authors_text":"Chengjun Xu, Chunguang Wei, Feiyu Kang, Jia Li, Shan Shi, Yanyi Chen","cross_cats":["physics.chem-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-10-11T02:43:46Z","title":"Manganese reduction/oxidation reaction on graphene composites as a reversible process for storing enormous energy at a fast rate"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.4223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:03bb1a4589ee9c313e2c2c9845d4782d1b6ce817a0850ebf132014c0aae1e5c8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"93249230632034008589ac73eec0e4dedf63662c7e4015815fc78af1c2ef62d3","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.chem-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-10-11T02:43:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"6e8bd4e41b99fb6dd4a68e5b93de7018c5f5168ed3e47b59c667a4a6c3648cea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.4223","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"afb1939fbca79a95664941dda09e63edcec04e8663112c82690489c1cbe96b7f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"afb1939fbca79a95664941dda09e63edcec04e8663112c82690489c1cbe96b7f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56.620342Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56.620342Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nKj0ji+MIVCl39BlWZSRt/CPd06oM6+tQEOnP177a7A0Xf0WM4GtIdljncsPk3Pm3typRSpQHWvj769eF1vIAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:56.620781Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1410.4223","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:03bb1a4589ee9c313e2c2c9845d4782d1b6ce817a0850ebf132014c0aae1e5c8","sha256:70ea844281f7b2e3e0b540035534f59f3b4d6ee71cfe84736267494cc5b404db"],"state_sha256":"03a8fdc4d45c3e0a9139501c4ff6f3dd85120bfca393958824dacda3aeea44dd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"H1nhtrUe6StlI/WCqQikRXgEazJbRk3HHVmSF4JImjdBGL5CjXgha6cLk61hDmUx5uGErLvBsVfvOeSux0F1DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-03T01:35:59.513933Z","bundle_sha256":"3d471e74ee3392da7f207e3dc883fce427221ed44d95e1feaeaf780151cafab8"}}