{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO","short_pith_number":"pith:VBTCPEF2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.00508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-31T15:40:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6b2bbfbd156296f84461a777a8302dd1993de278d310a13d827b1a51b2014ffd","abstract_canon_sha256":"0abc8d3d7e01ab688393bb6a31f73071bc89581cbb47b746a0ce41f5052cc983"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a8662790ba0d539be3406fdd52b9833bbd9882e8dd3c708383335760f8ae54de","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2501.00508","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.00508","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.00508v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.00508","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VBTCPEF2BVJZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2A","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VBTCPEF2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.00508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-31T15:40:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6b2bbfbd156296f84461a777a8302dd1993de278d310a13d827b1a51b2014ffd","abstract_canon_sha256":"0abc8d3d7e01ab688393bb6a31f73071bc89581cbb47b746a0ce41f5052cc983"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a8662790ba0d539be3406fdd52b9833bbd9882e8dd3c708383335760f8ae54de","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06.865934Z","signature_b64":"wk+x/2wrNPV/g0n2GSWn385ZRvCXGf3w9GKz4MzvIQTlOT10uWsXQcKWI1yVteq/DWOzwFTzuLTq/89jh54mCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a8662790ba0d539be3406fdd52b9833bbd9882e8dd3c708383335760f8ae54de","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06.865433Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06.865433Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2501.00508","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mYj17ZPZbsbvKZa8dq9Y+5W5AWXXFldpeejV3u2IOR33duAm2ilejqB2nl6p/N0/NQNCRM2nn/fJsnrhm3m1DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T02:01:04.820070Z"},"content_sha256":"a1f19325ac783bba9cb06993428daf133d43942c91aba6cdbb04936048ec0d6e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a1f19325ac783bba9cb06993428daf133d43942c91aba6cdbb04936048ec0d6e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Active Learning of General Halfspaces: Label Queries vs Membership Queries","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Daniel M. Kane, Ilias Diakonikolas, Mingchen Ma","submitted_at":"2024-12-31T15:40:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the problem of learning general (i.e., not necessarily homogeneous) halfspaces under the Gaussian distribution on $R^d$ in the presence of some form of query access. In the classical pool-based active learning model, where the algorithm is allowed to make adaptive label queries to previously sampled points, we establish a strong information-theoretic lower bound ruling out non-trivial improvements over the passive setting. Specifically, we show that any active learner requires label complexity of $\\tilde{\\Omega}(d/(\\log(m)\\epsilon))$, where $m$ is the number of unlabeled examples. Spe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.00508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2501.00508/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FeMNT7eMcQTsD8CglHACOGUxvfyAJcXxk0kA8qXCR+jj1HfSDw43pmYc7CLJneESki3kXfbQK2xOX3HTh7OrAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T02:01:04.821011Z"},"content_sha256":"85a66a8976008cf2cf1dcd20c1b44690ff2a3a503f1179fd91ab89a4272cf9d1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:85a66a8976008cf2cf1dcd20c1b44690ff2a3a503f1179fd91ab89a4272cf9d1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T02:01:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2AN7OVFOMDHO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0abc8d3d7e01ab688393bb6a31f73071bc89581cbb47b746a0ce41f5052cc983","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-31T15:40:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"6b2bbfbd156296f84461a777a8302dd1993de278d310a13d827b1a51b2014ffd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.00508","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.00508","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.00508v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.00508","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VBTCPEF2BVJZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VBTCPEF2BVJZXY2A","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VBTCPEF2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:85a66a8976008cf2cf1dcd20c1b44690ff2a3a503f1179fd91ab89a4272cf9d1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2501.00508/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the problem of learning general (i.e., not necessarily homogeneous) halfspaces under the Gaussian distribution on $R^d$ in the presence of some form of query access. In the classical pool-based active learning model, where the algorithm is allowed to make adaptive label queries to previously sampled points, we establish a strong information-theoretic lower bound ruling out non-trivial improvements over the passive setting. Specifically, we show that any active learner requires label complexity of $\\tilde{\\Omega}(d/(\\log(m)\\epsilon))$, where $m$ is the number of unlabeled examples. Spe","authors_text":"Daniel M. Kane, Ilias Diakonikolas, Mingchen Ma","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-31T15:40:48Z","title":"Active Learning of General Halfspaces: Label Queries vs Membership Queries"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.00508","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a1f19325ac783bba9cb06993428daf133d43942c91aba6cdbb04936048ec0d6e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0abc8d3d7e01ab688393bb6a31f73071bc89581cbb47b746a0ce41f5052cc983","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-12-31T15:40:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"6b2bbfbd156296f84461a777a8302dd1993de278d310a13d827b1a51b2014ffd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.00508","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a8662790ba0d539be3406fdd52b9833bbd9882e8dd3c708383335760f8ae54de","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a8662790ba0d539be3406fdd52b9833bbd9882e8dd3c708383335760f8ae54de","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06.865433Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06.865433Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wk+x/2wrNPV/g0n2GSWn385ZRvCXGf3w9GKz4MzvIQTlOT10uWsXQcKWI1yVteq/DWOzwFTzuLTq/89jh54mCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:56:06.865934Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2501.00508","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a1f19325ac783bba9cb06993428daf133d43942c91aba6cdbb04936048ec0d6e","sha256:85a66a8976008cf2cf1dcd20c1b44690ff2a3a503f1179fd91ab89a4272cf9d1"],"state_sha256":"a415cdbc1e8187a359c1f2ca777cadf74ff54c6a0406c98fd20df833fe7129e4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vk9Y+xKCzpeQa4rOAgUsRvwFx9e+6/QA27JpSPWhK3V+VBwOF1RB36U7RyejvTOhqCNHom8STzzpjl8YqtWWDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T02:01:04.842277Z","bundle_sha256":"7c57426072958102a795c7fa7634005b3345e0ebbffe21f762e5e5b08dbf51cf"}}