{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5","short_pith_number":"pith:VFBUH76P","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1412.1376","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-12-03T15:50:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1c16ef70bd9622056c85f302d92221e9a7bad7618459af220eee1e6e409f4024","abstract_canon_sha256":"2f82dcff71b43d7c9b0528ac8a8da8f60316d5a2f396737b6a1c5f7c206f2664"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a94343ffcfd5f99ee575e2258e5e137f4c0c25a36c77d0911cac66c3c7bd0704","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1412.1376","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.1376","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.1376v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.1376","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VFBUH76P2X4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VFBUH76P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1412.1376","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-12-03T15:50:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1c16ef70bd9622056c85f302d92221e9a7bad7618459af220eee1e6e409f4024","abstract_canon_sha256":"2f82dcff71b43d7c9b0528ac8a8da8f60316d5a2f396737b6a1c5f7c206f2664"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a94343ffcfd5f99ee575e2258e5e137f4c0c25a36c77d0911cac66c3c7bd0704","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12.656399Z","signature_b64":"U5S5MWe/Ul4uvfZyO0hKsz23p+ymjua024c3cy6e3VBo9Tw6yZLNC9Ysd5KoVwJNSPugkKVZTGYr4gn4jkk+AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a94343ffcfd5f99ee575e2258e5e137f4c0c25a36c77d0911cac66c3c7bd0704","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12.655859Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12.655859Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1412.1376","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZxRLpSntGFXMgW87Ar0zL4WAl87+kJmmm8x12tz6P2fbAsSKnYsKiqdBTTwfBLoLKyML/v9hYSAsE3iOcUgFAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T21:05:36.537764Z"},"content_sha256":"390434cfe65330fdb39e7f7d8596c20a3080fba7fb88edae243dfdb563176419","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:390434cfe65330fdb39e7f7d8596c20a3080fba7fb88edae243dfdb563176419"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Origin(s) of Cosmic Rays","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Luke O'C. Drury","submitted_at":"2014-12-03T15:50:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"The problem of the origin of Cosmic Rays is now over a century old and while there has been substantial progress, especially in the last decade, there are still open questions. The question of \"origin\" is open to at least three possible interpretations depending on whether one follows the energy powering the accelerator, the matter being accelerated, or the physics of the acceleration process; these approaches are reviewed in turn. Supernova remnants remain by far the most plausible candidates as dominant sources for the bulk of the Galactic cosmic rays, but contributions from other source pop"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.1376","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sTP4n1qnrY/+jph1ClzkAuhvVSeaGy1zQI2y693UEa8Us9TdhdsaYZWouCXzaoOpQaJWauX8DmnhhhNZ0lOTCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T21:05:36.538118Z"},"content_sha256":"0e71f43316764ce50795d8bf06f64a0c5203b9cd08992ea69ecf60437a365e3c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0e71f43316764ce50795d8bf06f64a0c5203b9cd08992ea69ecf60437a365e3c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-23T21:05:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV4ISY4XQTP5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2f82dcff71b43d7c9b0528ac8a8da8f60316d5a2f396737b6a1c5f7c206f2664","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-12-03T15:50:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"1c16ef70bd9622056c85f302d92221e9a7bad7618459af220eee1e6e409f4024"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.1376","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.1376","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.1376v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.1376","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VFBUH76P2X4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VFBUH76P2X4Z5ZLV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VFBUH76P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0e71f43316764ce50795d8bf06f64a0c5203b9cd08992ea69ecf60437a365e3c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The problem of the origin of Cosmic Rays is now over a century old and while there has been substantial progress, especially in the last decade, there are still open questions. The question of \"origin\" is open to at least three possible interpretations depending on whether one follows the energy powering the accelerator, the matter being accelerated, or the physics of the acceleration process; these approaches are reviewed in turn. Supernova remnants remain by far the most plausible candidates as dominant sources for the bulk of the Galactic cosmic rays, but contributions from other source pop","authors_text":"Luke O'C. Drury","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-12-03T15:50:21Z","title":"Origin(s) of Cosmic Rays"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.1376","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:390434cfe65330fdb39e7f7d8596c20a3080fba7fb88edae243dfdb563176419","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2f82dcff71b43d7c9b0528ac8a8da8f60316d5a2f396737b6a1c5f7c206f2664","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-12-03T15:50:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"1c16ef70bd9622056c85f302d92221e9a7bad7618459af220eee1e6e409f4024"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.1376","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a94343ffcfd5f99ee575e2258e5e137f4c0c25a36c77d0911cac66c3c7bd0704","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a94343ffcfd5f99ee575e2258e5e137f4c0c25a36c77d0911cac66c3c7bd0704","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12.655859Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12.655859Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"U5S5MWe/Ul4uvfZyO0hKsz23p+ymjua024c3cy6e3VBo9Tw6yZLNC9Ysd5KoVwJNSPugkKVZTGYr4gn4jkk+AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:12.656399Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1412.1376","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:390434cfe65330fdb39e7f7d8596c20a3080fba7fb88edae243dfdb563176419","sha256:0e71f43316764ce50795d8bf06f64a0c5203b9cd08992ea69ecf60437a365e3c"],"state_sha256":"4f0cc9d4b02d231912bd30d47de0498dbe30a85b4a5560b898f10e705a7f35e4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GtGlbkljUydAn79sTOxHtX8aqNtwFduDno5Zr1eFwe0l9FfoBXdnpp7b4354da7pO1LFKMQSa2JHxBQORhwQDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T21:05:36.540111Z","bundle_sha256":"a82671f1a48a70e84d1056afdcf330f8a1dc6dcbf4f1d10895b70288a1a31c26"}}