{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO","short_pith_number":"pith:W47KUBHC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303394","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-17T21:04:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2bfe5dae179a735647cb38ab869e55025897c041be66811a3f2954e5aed1bf75","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ec234b577a1042a4ea8984dfd16e6bae74f11d3c8c0a48ed07ba1fa8486022f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b73eaa04e238861df706afc45d872283a721daac8034a43cd4fcc8cba0706eec","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0303394","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0303394","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0303394v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0303394","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W47KUBHCHCDB","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W47KUBHCHCDB35YG","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W47KUBHC","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303394","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-17T21:04:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2bfe5dae179a735647cb38ab869e55025897c041be66811a3f2954e5aed1bf75","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ec234b577a1042a4ea8984dfd16e6bae74f11d3c8c0a48ed07ba1fa8486022f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b73eaa04e238861df706afc45d872283a721daac8034a43cd4fcc8cba0706eec","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17.919694Z","signature_b64":"M5Z7jLY6XQF3X+5YydjaXZnduoQfAzRimn4qQmFg9eFyfJgCet4yjhv5XD+0vbfRKI4++9T0cURAoW/hJTQ/Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b73eaa04e238861df706afc45d872283a721daac8034a43cd4fcc8cba0706eec","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17.919252Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17.919252Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0303394","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zz7xC3c1VTwLHc9Bv6ABpr8CFAkUdH1yS2JRqk6am0pvNEaXGRQc1vuyQ9gJlqKjRnm/4f0thALe/i6K1Ev1DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T20:00:55.959064Z"},"content_sha256":"399b3ced632d6d1bc5fbbd389903475fd1d2d5bdd80b4e68b38dc0c92e3e3acd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:399b3ced632d6d1bc5fbbd389903475fd1d2d5bdd80b4e68b38dc0c92e3e3acd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Nearly 5000 Distant Early-Type Galaxies in COMBO-17: a Red Sequence and its Evolution since z~1","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"(2) Oxford, (3) Imperial College, (4) AIP, (5) UMass), Andrea Borch (1), Chris Wolf (2), Daniel H. McIntosh (5) ((1) MPIA, Eric F. Bell (1), Hans-Walter Rix (1), Heidelberg, Klaus Meisenheimer (1), London, Lutz Wisotzki (4), Martina Kleinheinrich (1), Potsdam, Simon Dye (3)","submitted_at":"2003-03-17T21:04:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present the rest-frame colors and luminosities of ~25000 m_R<24 galaxies in the redshift range 0.2<z<1.1, drawn from 0.78 square degrees of the COMBO-17 survey. We find that the rest-frame color distribution of these galaxies is bimodal at all redshifts out to z~1. This bimodality permits a model-independent definition of red, early-type galaxies and blue, late-type galaxies at any given redshift. The colors of the blue peak become redder towards the present day, and the number density of blue luminous galaxies has dropped strongly since z~1. Focusing on the red galaxies, we find that they "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303394","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0303394/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AEVoy7saxTcQ+vufhRfPyJ87yLK2Yg/rXcxXFkdtPTkd2hmLdkKwcvem1jYOsBA89xJPxpGyRHi5T14xs3fYDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T20:00:55.959558Z"},"content_sha256":"9c6983408f7ddbf3d249c71edceee38ed705643b4c0b8384312316343c8df474","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9c6983408f7ddbf3d249c71edceee38ed705643b4c0b8384312316343c8df474"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T20:00:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:W47KUBHCHCDB35YGV7CF3BZCQO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ec234b577a1042a4ea8984dfd16e6bae74f11d3c8c0a48ed07ba1fa8486022f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-17T21:04:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"2bfe5dae179a735647cb38ab869e55025897c041be66811a3f2954e5aed1bf75"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303394","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0303394","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0303394v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0303394","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W47KUBHCHCDB","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W47KUBHCHCDB35YG","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W47KUBHC","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9c6983408f7ddbf3d249c71edceee38ed705643b4c0b8384312316343c8df474","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0303394/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present the rest-frame colors and luminosities of ~25000 m_R<24 galaxies in the redshift range 0.2<z<1.1, drawn from 0.78 square degrees of the COMBO-17 survey. We find that the rest-frame color distribution of these galaxies is bimodal at all redshifts out to z~1. This bimodality permits a model-independent definition of red, early-type galaxies and blue, late-type galaxies at any given redshift. The colors of the blue peak become redder towards the present day, and the number density of blue luminous galaxies has dropped strongly since z~1. Focusing on the red galaxies, we find that they ","authors_text":"(2) Oxford, (3) Imperial College, (4) AIP, (5) UMass), Andrea Borch (1), Chris Wolf (2), Daniel H. McIntosh (5) ((1) MPIA, Eric F. Bell (1), Hans-Walter Rix (1), Heidelberg, Klaus Meisenheimer (1), London, Lutz Wisotzki (4), Martina Kleinheinrich (1), Potsdam, Simon Dye (3)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-17T21:04:15Z","title":"Nearly 5000 Distant Early-Type Galaxies in COMBO-17: a Red Sequence and its Evolution since z~1"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303394","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:399b3ced632d6d1bc5fbbd389903475fd1d2d5bdd80b4e68b38dc0c92e3e3acd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ec234b577a1042a4ea8984dfd16e6bae74f11d3c8c0a48ed07ba1fa8486022f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-17T21:04:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"2bfe5dae179a735647cb38ab869e55025897c041be66811a3f2954e5aed1bf75"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303394","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b73eaa04e238861df706afc45d872283a721daac8034a43cd4fcc8cba0706eec","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b73eaa04e238861df706afc45d872283a721daac8034a43cd4fcc8cba0706eec","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17.919252Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17.919252Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"M5Z7jLY6XQF3X+5YydjaXZnduoQfAzRimn4qQmFg9eFyfJgCet4yjhv5XD+0vbfRKI4++9T0cURAoW/hJTQ/Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:29:17.919694Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0303394","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:399b3ced632d6d1bc5fbbd389903475fd1d2d5bdd80b4e68b38dc0c92e3e3acd","sha256:9c6983408f7ddbf3d249c71edceee38ed705643b4c0b8384312316343c8df474"],"state_sha256":"d518d895b5a867de085c59ecfa3476eaba597ba14fa196a3ecd9ff4bcd9c8b2e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LufhlAZoTe394wTkmG4/s0vy1HbxBDuv5G7T43oxkK1UvRp5YYvRbbgN36qan+GfO/ZTYWL89/WbiXL2zElXBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T20:00:55.964644Z","bundle_sha256":"bcdfec91d81f488d0db5860a3ff4cbf0dd8512be56d40c4d693f0d79acbc671c"}}