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The first one is a {\\em Pattern-Based Conditional Random Field }(\\PB), in which the energy of a string (chain labeling) $x=x_1\\ldots x_n\\in D^n$ is a sum of terms over intervals $[i,j]$ where each term is non-zero only if the substring $x_i\\ldots x_j$ equals a prespecified word $w\\in \\Lambda$. The second model is a {\\em Weighted Context-Free Grammar }(\\WCFG) frequently used for natural language processing. \\PB and \\WCFG encode local and non-local interactions respectively, and thus can be viewed as complementary.\n  We propose "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.5475","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.FL","submitted_at":"2014-04-22T12:44:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"587766afbe9915f5d7dc8a37e13a7da179e5760510d545df883e6aa8a4794628","abstract_canon_sha256":"24b555f092dd878c2e2795b4dcab48c3cd86c1536180af8b2e2130e1df1f511e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:52.985868Z","signature_b64":"Q/tSMNZRLlo2FraPzv0Ha4ifcsDDmv44wmYT57LZBlHBTRQW2X2ovMduoy0c/m6JM8AnCDWncpZONAEyPcWlDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b86754193407acfa448eb2ac92eb250381262990e955edb3ce01f361dfe1a60f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:52.985554Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:52.985554Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Combining pattern-based CRFs and weighted context-free grammars","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DS","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.FL","authors_text":"Rustem Takhanov, Vladimir Kolmogorov","submitted_at":"2014-04-22T12:44:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider two models for the sequence labeling (tagging) problem. 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