{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN","short_pith_number":"pith:XIVOZUAS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.12668","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2024-02-20T02:36:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"189c6ccdf50adba2d73117cf35f6b7550434b0bcd18023ef751468a5be6f69cf","abstract_canon_sha256":"7568910d5b2a358062a2b2ed2b3c0eee4ee413328041c010039eaec4a213261d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba2aecd0128a6498ba04c81bd3b1396b4232607f51dc939d86fc763158ee4c5e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2402.12668","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.12668","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.12668v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.12668","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XIVOZUASRJSJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XIVOZUASRJSJROQE","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XIVOZUAS","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.12668","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2024-02-20T02:36:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"189c6ccdf50adba2d73117cf35f6b7550434b0bcd18023ef751468a5be6f69cf","abstract_canon_sha256":"7568910d5b2a358062a2b2ed2b3c0eee4ee413328041c010039eaec4a213261d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ba2aecd0128a6498ba04c81bd3b1396b4232607f51dc939d86fc763158ee4c5e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47.748766Z","signature_b64":"Bq84VsgBWWvuJflMUa1vHA+VtdepCCBiUrcL5aERzvOgWrnEULPYybkn8exivDruD1mv5Z3UV21YxE19/LxUBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ba2aecd0128a6498ba04c81bd3b1396b4232607f51dc939d86fc763158ee4c5e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47.748261Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47.748261Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2402.12668","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l/vcHo5tmbiphkMgCPidvyHuIgeYxtV9NCy/Ik+CyRs9DR3ajZXelJWG33BjhNOoXuqiQ3EKvcNfQbgVL6BeAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T23:59:23.671522Z"},"content_sha256":"c58bdbbdfb762569f1a15d08a1bc4024488f8668b9b60ba515295689bbcb31c7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c58bdbbdfb762569f1a15d08a1bc4024488f8668b9b60ba515295689bbcb31c7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Randomization Can Reduce Both Bias and Variance: A Case Study in Random Forests","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Brian Liu, Rahul Mazumder","submitted_at":"2024-02-20T02:36:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the often overlooked phenomenon, first noted in \\cite{breiman2001random}, that random forests appear to reduce bias compared to bagging. Motivated by an interesting paper by \\cite{mentch2020randomization}, where the authors explain the success of random forests in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) settings through regularization, we explore how random forests can capture patterns in the data that bagging ensembles fail to capture. We empirically demonstrate that in the presence of such patterns, random forests reduce bias along with variance and can increasingly outperform bagging ensem"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.12668","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.12668/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cQeyjY2ed2SFdBAHpevcINHsIAtqEX51GSFOVFBzeSVmpWo++w7Yddu1nSx24oVTs1crKrEVBC4iOEqymEobDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T23:59:23.672046Z"},"content_sha256":"4b35acd9f52614d41eeb9ba85897110dd9caf7b41dffdbe35f174ae42fb58714","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4b35acd9f52614d41eeb9ba85897110dd9caf7b41dffdbe35f174ae42fb58714"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T23:59:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:XIVOZUASRJSJROQEZAN5HMJZNN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7568910d5b2a358062a2b2ed2b3c0eee4ee413328041c010039eaec4a213261d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2024-02-20T02:36:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"189c6ccdf50adba2d73117cf35f6b7550434b0bcd18023ef751468a5be6f69cf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.12668","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.12668","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.12668v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.12668","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XIVOZUASRJSJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XIVOZUASRJSJROQE","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XIVOZUAS","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4b35acd9f52614d41eeb9ba85897110dd9caf7b41dffdbe35f174ae42fb58714","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.12668/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the often overlooked phenomenon, first noted in \\cite{breiman2001random}, that random forests appear to reduce bias compared to bagging. Motivated by an interesting paper by \\cite{mentch2020randomization}, where the authors explain the success of random forests in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) settings through regularization, we explore how random forests can capture patterns in the data that bagging ensembles fail to capture. We empirically demonstrate that in the presence of such patterns, random forests reduce bias along with variance and can increasingly outperform bagging ensem","authors_text":"Brian Liu, Rahul Mazumder","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2024-02-20T02:36:26Z","title":"Randomization Can Reduce Both Bias and Variance: A Case Study in Random Forests"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.12668","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c58bdbbdfb762569f1a15d08a1bc4024488f8668b9b60ba515295689bbcb31c7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7568910d5b2a358062a2b2ed2b3c0eee4ee413328041c010039eaec4a213261d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2024-02-20T02:36:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"189c6ccdf50adba2d73117cf35f6b7550434b0bcd18023ef751468a5be6f69cf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.12668","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"ba2aecd0128a6498ba04c81bd3b1396b4232607f51dc939d86fc763158ee4c5e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ba2aecd0128a6498ba04c81bd3b1396b4232607f51dc939d86fc763158ee4c5e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47.748261Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47.748261Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Bq84VsgBWWvuJflMUa1vHA+VtdepCCBiUrcL5aERzvOgWrnEULPYybkn8exivDruD1mv5Z3UV21YxE19/LxUBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:40:47.748766Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.12668","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c58bdbbdfb762569f1a15d08a1bc4024488f8668b9b60ba515295689bbcb31c7","sha256:4b35acd9f52614d41eeb9ba85897110dd9caf7b41dffdbe35f174ae42fb58714"],"state_sha256":"73107ea5eef80634927ca901f863eb5ed9948d9e5fad4978929739df94f03eaf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5ZJZZ/EU3ohHA8EXz8gzX0kVd3Q+eaXFbvSC6zTDVV2BpuRukZj9alh6Qr4ExRWDBfo0R7bi5kFFDf0ZVLRKAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T23:59:23.677256Z","bundle_sha256":"0eb7ab5b35d9412619effeb2d944eb52392bca6aaf52d44519ccb12182511974"}}