{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S","short_pith_number":"pith:XSYP6YSK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.12150","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2022-09-25T05:20:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1367e6832db9ae34e55c0df5727e58ca4db5fdee619a87c5d245e0b86f862d22","abstract_canon_sha256":"637d7e723a5bf1db6a297dd1626ad931c8df791165afb1f838fc0e4c60c8c3d5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bcb0ff624a7488224fe09a6e9c0382ec979ae3a93e0ef30768b30a61c4ed770f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2209.12150","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.12150","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.12150v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.12150","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XSYP6YSKOSEC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XSYP6YSKOSECET7A","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XSYP6YSK","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.12150","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2022-09-25T05:20:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1367e6832db9ae34e55c0df5727e58ca4db5fdee619a87c5d245e0b86f862d22","abstract_canon_sha256":"637d7e723a5bf1db6a297dd1626ad931c8df791165afb1f838fc0e4c60c8c3d5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"bcb0ff624a7488224fe09a6e9c0382ec979ae3a93e0ef30768b30a61c4ed770f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19.137159Z","signature_b64":"1kiR5kuoPcWcp1+ggFfGKL3YlR75vItTpszeAEPWZLb2vSQX6TfJ3KFx/8pHpgYVWBzJvaNdL5cM71unHoahBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"bcb0ff624a7488224fe09a6e9c0382ec979ae3a93e0ef30768b30a61c4ed770f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19.136586Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19.136586Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2209.12150","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2F0b7+uVDi9Mu3vN6haEhzUzaHNJ8Eknw9781CZtV/ygXQNvonWBBAmTI/U//2ZMPrKGpfVVB3XqIFUtUhCxAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T07:25:09.659229Z"},"content_sha256":"fa28edacf7241145c119806c933223755cdc4cc7760bf79703be03dd4e52bb9b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fa28edacf7241145c119806c933223755cdc4cc7760bf79703be03dd4e52bb9b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Discovery of Year-Scale Time Variability from Thermal X-ray Emission in Tycho's Supernova Remnant","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Hiroya Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Uchida, Masamune Matsuda, Takaaki Tanaka, Takeshi Go Tsuru","submitted_at":"2022-09-25T05:20:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Mechanisms of particle heating are crucial to understanding the shock physics in supernova remnants (SNRs). However, there has been little information on time variabilities of thermalized particles so far. Here, we present a discovery of a gradually-brightening thermal X-ray emission found in Chandra data of Tycho's SNR obtained during 2000--2015. The emission exhibits a knot-like feature (Knot1) with a diameter of $\\simeq0.04$~pc located in the northwestern limb, where we also find localized H$\\alpha$ filaments in an optical image taken with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2008. The model with "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.12150","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2209.12150/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vwXhduIz6pipL2qTgXT+1ymnDgwxKqNDpRsaipb0P5zi8+yhj7DF8L5/e55pclNtD0qcEVTl5jl8pM/RNfxmBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T07:25:09.659831Z"},"content_sha256":"f499eda292c389bc0445c993a3a23d3d8ab32cde0e0294ccb87376b7d739c714","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f499eda292c389bc0445c993a3a23d3d8ab32cde0e0294ccb87376b7d739c714"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-01T07:25:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:XSYP6YSKOSECET7ATJXJYA4C5S","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"637d7e723a5bf1db6a297dd1626ad931c8df791165afb1f838fc0e4c60c8c3d5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2022-09-25T05:20:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"1367e6832db9ae34e55c0df5727e58ca4db5fdee619a87c5d245e0b86f862d22"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.12150","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.12150","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.12150v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.12150","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XSYP6YSKOSEC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XSYP6YSKOSECET7A","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XSYP6YSK","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f499eda292c389bc0445c993a3a23d3d8ab32cde0e0294ccb87376b7d739c714","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2209.12150/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Mechanisms of particle heating are crucial to understanding the shock physics in supernova remnants (SNRs). However, there has been little information on time variabilities of thermalized particles so far. Here, we present a discovery of a gradually-brightening thermal X-ray emission found in Chandra data of Tycho's SNR obtained during 2000--2015. The emission exhibits a knot-like feature (Knot1) with a diameter of $\\simeq0.04$~pc located in the northwestern limb, where we also find localized H$\\alpha$ filaments in an optical image taken with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2008. The model with ","authors_text":"Hiroya Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Uchida, Masamune Matsuda, Takaaki Tanaka, Takeshi Go Tsuru","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2022-09-25T05:20:45Z","title":"Discovery of Year-Scale Time Variability from Thermal X-ray Emission in Tycho's Supernova Remnant"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.12150","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fa28edacf7241145c119806c933223755cdc4cc7760bf79703be03dd4e52bb9b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"637d7e723a5bf1db6a297dd1626ad931c8df791165afb1f838fc0e4c60c8c3d5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2022-09-25T05:20:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"1367e6832db9ae34e55c0df5727e58ca4db5fdee619a87c5d245e0b86f862d22"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.12150","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"bcb0ff624a7488224fe09a6e9c0382ec979ae3a93e0ef30768b30a61c4ed770f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bcb0ff624a7488224fe09a6e9c0382ec979ae3a93e0ef30768b30a61c4ed770f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19.136586Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19.136586Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1kiR5kuoPcWcp1+ggFfGKL3YlR75vItTpszeAEPWZLb2vSQX6TfJ3KFx/8pHpgYVWBzJvaNdL5cM71unHoahBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:19:19.137159Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2209.12150","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fa28edacf7241145c119806c933223755cdc4cc7760bf79703be03dd4e52bb9b","sha256:f499eda292c389bc0445c993a3a23d3d8ab32cde0e0294ccb87376b7d739c714"],"state_sha256":"29938235882a533eb090def6831a0d4ee4fd920f86a47eb3e568ea59fd1d4ae4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qXhhCgZGXqL5hjUTxHlKfS8gXzVcx1m8xqvt/mM4t3zJUA4zhE/+4yFaxn4NLfxZ3+VR8VTeocUsfExNTjmSCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T07:25:09.666531Z","bundle_sha256":"7060b03722bb322b1f56657d22e105db0f867b31e8d2a780933bcb3473077a8c"}}