{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2007:XTVNB4ZX7AJJ4L2F323UEKRSY2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dacba4cb1f7505541b8e3b1fc91167fcb985ddd0951399a25de9224f5c9bcdde","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","hep-th","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2007-08-10T15:17:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"9303c05a2f1dba2dab58a3e70a313aa8cf4da2669900106bf6c1e9834760a5ed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0708.1471","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0708.1471","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0708.1471v4","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0708.1471","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"XTVNB4ZX7AJJ","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"XTVNB4ZX7AJJ4L2F","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"XTVNB4ZX","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:be3de8bab6ab34b48034cd1eb83ec8fb02f5bcb246202e0a1a6ae775d663a0e4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/0708.1471/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Schwinger mechanism, the production of charged particle-antiparticle pairs in a macroscopic external electric field, is derived for 2+1 dimensional theories. The rate of pair production per unit area for four species of massless fermions, with charge $q$, in a constant electric field $E$ is given by $ \\pi^{-2} \\hbar^{-3/2} \\tilde{c}^{-1/2} (q E)^{3/2} $ where $\\tilde{c}$ is the speed of light for the two-dimensional system. To the extent undoped graphene behaves like the quantum field-theoretic vacuum for massless fermions in 2+1 dimensions, the Schwinger mechanism should be testable exper","authors_text":"Danielle Allor, David A. McGady, Thomas D. Cohen","cross_cats":["hep-ph","hep-th","nucl-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2007-08-10T15:17:29Z","title":"The Schwinger mechanism and graphene"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0708.1471","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:591dd348903e438b2f33d662ebde6214c618715165ed91902b86bfe2f834d890","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dacba4cb1f7505541b8e3b1fc91167fcb985ddd0951399a25de9224f5c9bcdde","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","hep-th","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2007-08-10T15:17:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"9303c05a2f1dba2dab58a3e70a313aa8cf4da2669900106bf6c1e9834760a5ed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0708.1471","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"bcead0f337f8129e2f45deb7422a32c69e6c8b4679130511799722128c0414a1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"bcead0f337f8129e2f45deb7422a32c69e6c8b4679130511799722128c0414a1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21.558660Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21.558660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"BCJ6iC2oozvFAVcfUUr9jmk+qesN4gfrnhMGzufeN8PaXLr5VCuc6RA/ovYCGUgeLtgU3bZGzQ5a3ner3uojDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:38:21.558997Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0708.1471","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:591dd348903e438b2f33d662ebde6214c618715165ed91902b86bfe2f834d890","sha256:be3de8bab6ab34b48034cd1eb83ec8fb02f5bcb246202e0a1a6ae775d663a0e4"],"state_sha256":"4806607ad6c5bc79d04b84804a1baa4c8cfc85b482df9bb55f5a80eb9eb63b3d"}