{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE","short_pith_number":"pith:Y322YUON","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.04932","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-20T19:49:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8894f0ea04cea5acb24d11734889de7dca650ef7dfe2b5152a976b6935bf5389","abstract_canon_sha256":"883074a983264f4ad9f945062363ec75468cc35c7519513a73e15f019b075b9a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c6f5ac51cd3b793aaa0a9caff707600113d2b81754280a165d106138272577f3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1501.04932","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.04932","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.04932v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.04932","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y322YUONHN4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y322YUONHN4TVKQK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y322YUON","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.04932","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-20T19:49:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8894f0ea04cea5acb24d11734889de7dca650ef7dfe2b5152a976b6935bf5389","abstract_canon_sha256":"883074a983264f4ad9f945062363ec75468cc35c7519513a73e15f019b075b9a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c6f5ac51cd3b793aaa0a9caff707600113d2b81754280a165d106138272577f3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45.177266Z","signature_b64":"FGpvp1IbgAX3mwPLZN0KRbfyblRoCDY8uRjAvmQTqM2KSIlc0ieKfhBzB2ri7vprSul+2Bke3qHb0l/x2XKcAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c6f5ac51cd3b793aaa0a9caff707600113d2b81754280a165d106138272577f3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45.176574Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45.176574Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1501.04932","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"M0ax9NdmIiO2DN6way3eVfxkKLuV9CIbD4yf7pzckWhLH4S77Yms4l/p7NLLiFIlUrFR93SU62wOtFzc7WrvDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T04:41:46.091657Z"},"content_sha256":"127d1bc6338d5ec9cd525dfeb7abb21819d809e8b5d9aa0cce34796e412a5fe8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:127d1bc6338d5ec9cd525dfeb7abb21819d809e8b5d9aa0cce34796e412a5fe8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bounding quantum gate error rate based on reported average fidelity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Barry C Sanders, Joel J Wallman, Yuval R Sanders","submitted_at":"2015-01-20T19:49:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Remarkable experimental advances in quantum computing are exemplified by recent announcements of impressive average gate fidelities exceeding 99.9% for single-qubit gates and 99% for two-qubit gates. Although these high numbers engender optimism that fault-tolerant quantum computing is within reach, the connection of average gate fidelity with fault-tolerance requirements is not direct. Here we use reported average gate fidelity to determine an upper bound on the quantum-gate error rate, which is the appropriate metric for assessing progress towards fault-tolerant quantum computation, and we d"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.04932","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8eS4eBGjIAJ8p1d4WrmJ420BCkWdBGY0NlclKJFhHvI88HGyQbrvWe4rtREsYZ5AUC6cVpLDt+6kpkcHz4/lBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T04:41:46.092100Z"},"content_sha256":"4749a085cae16244215be347660e9bf75808a330146c1837e8be946cd386948f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4749a085cae16244215be347660e9bf75808a330146c1837e8be946cd386948f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-28T04:41:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:Y322YUONHN4TVKQKTSX7OB3AAE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"883074a983264f4ad9f945062363ec75468cc35c7519513a73e15f019b075b9a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-20T19:49:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"8894f0ea04cea5acb24d11734889de7dca650ef7dfe2b5152a976b6935bf5389"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.04932","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.04932","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.04932v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.04932","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y322YUONHN4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y322YUONHN4TVKQK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y322YUON","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4749a085cae16244215be347660e9bf75808a330146c1837e8be946cd386948f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Remarkable experimental advances in quantum computing are exemplified by recent announcements of impressive average gate fidelities exceeding 99.9% for single-qubit gates and 99% for two-qubit gates. Although these high numbers engender optimism that fault-tolerant quantum computing is within reach, the connection of average gate fidelity with fault-tolerance requirements is not direct. Here we use reported average gate fidelity to determine an upper bound on the quantum-gate error rate, which is the appropriate metric for assessing progress towards fault-tolerant quantum computation, and we d","authors_text":"Barry C Sanders, Joel J Wallman, Yuval R Sanders","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-20T19:49:53Z","title":"Bounding quantum gate error rate based on reported average fidelity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.04932","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:127d1bc6338d5ec9cd525dfeb7abb21819d809e8b5d9aa0cce34796e412a5fe8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"883074a983264f4ad9f945062363ec75468cc35c7519513a73e15f019b075b9a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-20T19:49:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"8894f0ea04cea5acb24d11734889de7dca650ef7dfe2b5152a976b6935bf5389"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.04932","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"c6f5ac51cd3b793aaa0a9caff707600113d2b81754280a165d106138272577f3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c6f5ac51cd3b793aaa0a9caff707600113d2b81754280a165d106138272577f3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45.176574Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45.176574Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FGpvp1IbgAX3mwPLZN0KRbfyblRoCDY8uRjAvmQTqM2KSIlc0ieKfhBzB2ri7vprSul+2Bke3qHb0l/x2XKcAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:45.177266Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1501.04932","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:127d1bc6338d5ec9cd525dfeb7abb21819d809e8b5d9aa0cce34796e412a5fe8","sha256:4749a085cae16244215be347660e9bf75808a330146c1837e8be946cd386948f"],"state_sha256":"23db97ff5b12fea5d796cf0989b363bf30b5fa07670a92d5dcfbbff6529f0f4e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i7Tlasx2pSz6MaZuXwEMHoKaK1uCrBVrsbxdnKfM5I8xTOulvFtjceUlu+1PMwv5jOAR41/zlvrp91O5al7gAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T04:41:46.093990Z","bundle_sha256":"98a9d04c8d45b5ae786d4ba80446aceaca767341e96d21225f160acaadc07f0b"}}