{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2016:Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ","short_pith_number":"pith:Y6RMNYEN","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"c7a2c6e08da071451559b6daf0d2579403efe5d11b4d26eb9f81e7d15b62c250","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1612.01624","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Exponential Structure of Income Inequality: Evidence from 67 Countries","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","authors_text":"Benedict Mondal, Han Yu, Tao Zhou, Victor M. Yakovenko, Weibo Yan, Xiangjun Wu, Yanyuxiang Huang, Yong Tao","submitted_at":"2016-12-06T01:40:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Economic competition between humans leads to income inequality, but, so far, there has been little understanding of underlying quantitative mechanisms governing such a collective behavior. We analyze datasets of household income from 67 countries, ranging from Europe to Latin America, North America and Asia. For all of the countries, we find a surprisingly uniform rule: Income distribution for the great majority of populations (low and middle income classes) follows an exponential law. To explain this empirical observation, we propose a theoretical model within the standard framework of modern"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.01624","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2016-12-06T01:40:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2d99c5bdfee7bc9cd653d01bd396d12351c3f9d945818805087fe40a7bfe4e19","abstract_canon_sha256":"e864aa6fce699c96d21c031f4eb1002131f5be05e59a59339d4023f539eba34c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:04.058446Z","signature_b64":"aOWTe8vOvXw/UoIMDYRH8316bYvvxAhI77CqqD3jq6wR5T3kGBnEPrEEo2QdysbBmn0TQtRj1868bBijzCb3BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c7a2c6e08da071451559b6daf0d2579403efe5d11b4d26eb9f81e7d15b62c250","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:04.057885Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:04.057885Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Exponential Structure of Income Inequality: Evidence from 67 Countries","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","authors_text":"Benedict Mondal, Han Yu, Tao Zhou, Victor M. Yakovenko, Weibo Yan, Xiangjun Wu, Yanyuxiang Huang, Yong Tao","submitted_at":"2016-12-06T01:40:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Economic competition between humans leads to income inequality, but, so far, there has been little understanding of underlying quantitative mechanisms governing such a collective behavior. We analyze datasets of household income from 67 countries, ranging from Europe to Latin America, North America and Asia. For all of the countries, we find a surprisingly uniform rule: Income distribution for the great majority of populations (low and middle income classes) follows an exponential law. To explain this empirical observation, we propose a theoretical model within the standard framework of modern"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.01624","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.01624","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:04.057958+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.01624v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:04.057958+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.01624","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:04.057958+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Y6RMNYENUBYU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53.716459+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53.716459+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Y6RMNYEN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53.716459+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ","json":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/Y6RMNYEN"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/Y6RMNYEN","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1612.01624&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/Y6RMNYENUBYUKFKZW3NPBUSXSQ/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:04.057958+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:04.057958+00:00"}