{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E","short_pith_number":"pith:ZBYEL2XY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.16461","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T19:40:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e18c129cf98a90eca750ed46e4d19a907bf4cb57d2b2b151d8d4ed8e51d38cbd","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b0fcd212998f943a98a9c53590f3bf3a5dd6075b6c270dccfc0dbcfd46752fd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c87045eaf8bcc7547d96246a65eceed130ade8801c224e5ed9dad1060502daa9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2410.16461","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.16461","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.16461v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.16461","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZBYEL2XYXTDV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZBYEL2XY","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.16461","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T19:40:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e18c129cf98a90eca750ed46e4d19a907bf4cb57d2b2b151d8d4ed8e51d38cbd","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b0fcd212998f943a98a9c53590f3bf3a5dd6075b6c270dccfc0dbcfd46752fd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c87045eaf8bcc7547d96246a65eceed130ade8801c224e5ed9dad1060502daa9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40.962288Z","signature_b64":"TCQHusMLQEABBxet9ZEhZaduG8BQtrWeybuIbp9rsg0lbCXORlNBOuuFzHVMh5RH7uf94MRcoNDQqRiP4EStBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c87045eaf8bcc7547d96246a65eceed130ade8801c224e5ed9dad1060502daa9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40.961334Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40.961334Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2410.16461","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"peUSXoBA5W3wsfT75jX3bSdqVkhomUF9yGdxrLzM6sgILpYf3yDQethEcHnEOktzkkgnKdFFSwfTzSFitm/hAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:46.120309Z"},"content_sha256":"7fbd357bf8ccf5ce0d61a1ec1e1ba9ba910e5e79f2d9501cc6b0666f026849b2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7fbd357bf8ccf5ce0d61a1ec1e1ba9ba910e5e79f2d9501cc6b0666f026849b2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Comparative Study of Multilingual Idioms and Similes in Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Ali Akhgary, Danial Namazifard, Mostafa Masoudi, Paria Khoshtab, Samin Mahdizadeh Sani, Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T19:40:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"This study addresses the gap in the literature concerning the comparative performance of LLMs in interpreting different types of figurative language across multiple languages. By evaluating LLMs using two multilingual datasets on simile and idiom interpretation, we explore the effectiveness of various prompt engineering strategies, including chain-of-thought, few-shot, and English translation prompts. We extend the language of these datasets to Persian as well by building two new evaluation sets. Our comprehensive assessment involves both closed-source (GPT-3.5, GPT-4o mini, Gemini 1.5), and o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.16461","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2410.16461/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EPvKZTh5Qw8ngzyYnKBjwjE/KWLKetuwJEUMka5vlmPc+O8XVcSRuiLaIt/A3PQY7BKqekq7Ij9cfy/aXFmMAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:46.120701Z"},"content_sha256":"8efbc34e2361267634deb0126e35d536ca19da1b7f6b1d8b6729d9a0b30bd6e2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8efbc34e2361267634deb0126e35d536ca19da1b7f6b1d8b6729d9a0b30bd6e2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MWERVGL3HO2E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b0fcd212998f943a98a9c53590f3bf3a5dd6075b6c270dccfc0dbcfd46752fd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T19:40:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"e18c129cf98a90eca750ed46e4d19a907bf4cb57d2b2b151d8d4ed8e51d38cbd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.16461","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.16461","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.16461v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.16461","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZBYEL2XYXTDV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZBYEL2XYXTDVI7MW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZBYEL2XY","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8efbc34e2361267634deb0126e35d536ca19da1b7f6b1d8b6729d9a0b30bd6e2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2410.16461/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This study addresses the gap in the literature concerning the comparative performance of LLMs in interpreting different types of figurative language across multiple languages. By evaluating LLMs using two multilingual datasets on simile and idiom interpretation, we explore the effectiveness of various prompt engineering strategies, including chain-of-thought, few-shot, and English translation prompts. We extend the language of these datasets to Persian as well by building two new evaluation sets. Our comprehensive assessment involves both closed-source (GPT-3.5, GPT-4o mini, Gemini 1.5), and o","authors_text":"Ali Akhgary, Danial Namazifard, Mostafa Masoudi, Paria Khoshtab, Samin Mahdizadeh Sani, Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T19:40:05Z","title":"Comparative Study of Multilingual Idioms and Similes in Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.16461","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7fbd357bf8ccf5ce0d61a1ec1e1ba9ba910e5e79f2d9501cc6b0666f026849b2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b0fcd212998f943a98a9c53590f3bf3a5dd6075b6c270dccfc0dbcfd46752fd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T19:40:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"e18c129cf98a90eca750ed46e4d19a907bf4cb57d2b2b151d8d4ed8e51d38cbd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.16461","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c87045eaf8bcc7547d96246a65eceed130ade8801c224e5ed9dad1060502daa9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c87045eaf8bcc7547d96246a65eceed130ade8801c224e5ed9dad1060502daa9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40.961334Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40.961334Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TCQHusMLQEABBxet9ZEhZaduG8BQtrWeybuIbp9rsg0lbCXORlNBOuuFzHVMh5RH7uf94MRcoNDQqRiP4EStBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:26:40.962288Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2410.16461","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7fbd357bf8ccf5ce0d61a1ec1e1ba9ba910e5e79f2d9501cc6b0666f026849b2","sha256:8efbc34e2361267634deb0126e35d536ca19da1b7f6b1d8b6729d9a0b30bd6e2"],"state_sha256":"9a8b5f01c2ca3477444cdc6b75a20cf5ac322db30a6d242f37ad1a2932e6ff91"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WrvpzpdUa724P2tDZlqvzmz4fSMq1IfRF4xBhGgM56JkCWq5/tWWQB+AFOSkihlSeQ+K51zxvUX+ToOmxdG/DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:49:46.122604Z","bundle_sha256":"f3d159e0612d111fbfbdb3686982faafb90ef72e0064b37933ca84659fa17100"}}