Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

In metals geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) are generated primarily to accommodate strain gradients and they play a key role in the Bauschinger effect, strain hardening, micron-scale size effects and fatigue. During bending large strain gradients naturally emerge which makes this deformation mode exceptionally suitable to study the evolution of GNDs. Here we present bi-directional bending experiment of a Cu single crystalline microcantilever with in situ characterisation of the dislocation microstructure in terms of high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD). The experiments are complemented with dislocation density modelling to provide physical understanding of the collective dislocation phenomena. We find that dislocation pile-ups form around the neutral zone during initial bending, however, these do not dissolve upon reversed loading, rather they contribute to the development of a much more complex GND dominated microstructure. This irreversible process is analysed in detail in terms of the involved Burgers vectors and slip systems to provide an in-depth explanation of the Bauschinger-effect and strain hardening at this scale. We conclude that the most dominant role in this behaviour is played by short-range dislocation interactions.