A rotating Bumblebee black hole is shown to produce strong-lensing observables that deviate from Kerr, with EHT shadow data and an Einstein ring observation used to constrain the Lorentz-violating parameter ell.
A comparison of approximate gravitational lens equations and a proposal for an improved new one
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abstract
Keeping the exact general relativistic treatment of light bending as a reference, we compare the accuracy of commonly used approximate lens equations. We conclude that the best approximate lens equation is the Ohanian lens equation, for which we present a new expression in terms of distances between observer, lens and source planes. We also examine a realistic gravitational lensing case, showing that the precision of the Ohanian lens equation might be required for a reliable treatment of gravitational lensing and a correct extraction of the full information about gravitational physics.
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Probing Lorentz Symmetry Violation through Lensing Observables of Rotating Black Holes
A rotating Bumblebee black hole is shown to produce strong-lensing observables that deviate from Kerr, with EHT shadow data and an Einstein ring observation used to constrain the Lorentz-violating parameter ell.