In the massive Schwinger model with back-to-back external sources, the central region approaches a thermal state at late times, with temperature estimates from local observables, entanglement entropy, and density-matrix overlap all converging to T/Ms approximately 0.53.
Fluid dynamics of charm quarks in the quark--gluon plasma
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abstract
A fluid-dynamic approach to charm-quark diffusion in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is developed for the first time. Results for integrated yields and momentum distributions of charmed hadrons obtained with a fluid-dynamic description for the dynamics of the QGP coupled to an additional heavy-quark-antiquark current are shown. In addition to the thermodynamic Equation of State (EoS), this description uses a heavy-quark diffusion constant which we take from Lattice QCD calculations. The results describe quantitatively experimental data measured at the LHC at the center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV up to $p_{\rm T}\sim$ 4-5 GeV/$c$, showing that charm quarks undergo a very fast hydrodynamization in the medium created by ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.
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Thermalization from quantum entanglement: jet simulations in the massive Schwinger model
In the massive Schwinger model with back-to-back external sources, the central region approaches a thermal state at late times, with temperature estimates from local observables, entanglement entropy, and density-matrix overlap all converging to T/Ms approximately 0.53.