Demanding associativity of the momentum translation operator for Schwinger's non-commuting coordinates of massless particles yields the helicity quantization λ=(ℏ/2)n, shown to be dual to Dirac's monopole quantization.
Extension of Chern-Simons forms
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abstract
We investigate metric independent, gauge invariant and closed forms in the generalized YM theory. These forms are polynomial on the corresponding fields strength tensors - curvature forms and are analogous to the Pontryagin-Chern densities in the YM gauge theory. The corresponding secondary characteristic classes have been expressed in integral form in analogy with the Chern-Simons form. Because they are not unique, the secondary forms can be dramatically simplified by the addition of properly chosen differentials of one-step-lower-order forms. Their gauge variation can also be found yielding the potential anomalies in the gauge field theory.
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Schwinger's non-commutative coordinates and duality between helicity and Dirac quantisation conditions
Demanding associativity of the momentum translation operator for Schwinger's non-commuting coordinates of massless particles yields the helicity quantization λ=(ℏ/2)n, shown to be dual to Dirac's monopole quantization.