A Moon-based radio array with roughly SKA-like collecting area could detect enough high-redshift radio-loud quasars at z≈10 to enable 21-cm forest studies, while smaller arrays reach only z≈5-6.
The quasar duty cycle𝐷q= 𝑡q/𝑡𝐻(𝑧) quantifies the fraction of black holes in the quasar phase, where 𝑡q is the quasar lifetime and 𝑡𝐻(𝑧) is the cosmic age at redshift 𝑧
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Configuration Requirements for 21-cm Forest Background Quasar Searches with the Moon-based Interferometer
A Moon-based radio array with roughly SKA-like collecting area could detect enough high-redshift radio-loud quasars at z≈10 to enable 21-cm forest studies, while smaller arrays reach only z≈5-6.