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Hawking radiation, the Stefan-Boltzmann law, and unitarization

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arxiv 1511.08221 v3 pith:ANTHCMK4 submitted 2015-11-25 hep-th gr-qc

Steven B. Giddings This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-thgr-qc
keywords hawkingradiationblackentropyhorizonquantumargumentarguments
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Where does Hawking radiation originate? A common picture is that it arises from excitations very near or at the horizon, and this viewpoint has supported the "firewall" argument and arguments for a key role for the UV-dependent entanglement entropy in describing the quantum mechanics of black holes. However, closer investigation of both the total emission rate and the stress tensor of Hawking radiation supports the statement that its source is a near-horizon quantum region, or "atmosphere," whose radial extent is set by the horizon radius scale. This is potentially important, since Hawking radiation needs to be modified to restore unitarity, and a natural assumption is that the scales relevant to such modifications are comparable to those governing the Hawking radiation. Moreover, related discussion suggests a resolution to questions regarding extra energy flux in "nonviolent" scenarios, that does not spoil black hole thermodynamics as governed by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Quantum Scattering in Schwarzschild Spacetime: Hawking Radiation and Black Hole Atmospheres

    hep-th 2026-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper derives a Bose-Einstein emission rate at the Hawking temperature and an atmosphere radius rAtm = 4 ln2 r_s from antibound poles of the Schwarzschild S-matrix, but the derivation is not self-consistent.

  2. Quantum circuit simulation of black hole evaporation and Maxwell demon interpretation

    gr-qc 2025-05 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A Maxwell demon inside a black hole is used in a quantum circuit to steer outside qubits via a wormhole, claimed to simulate Hawking radiation entanglement while dissipating energy of order the black hole entropy.

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