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Generalized Gibbs ensemble in a nonintegrable system with an extensive number of local symmetries

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arxiv 1511.08581 v3 pith:RDXB7UEL submitted 2015-11-27 cond-mat.stat-mech quant-ph

Generalized Gibbs ensemble in a nonintegrable system with an extensive number of local symmetries

classification cond-mat.stat-mech quant-ph
keywords localensemblenumbersymmetriesextensivefindnonintegrablestate
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We numerically study the unitary time evolution of a nonintegrable model of hard-core bosons with an extensive number of local Z2 symmetries. We find that the expectation values of local observables in the stationary state are described better by the generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE) than by the canonical ensemble. We also find that the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis fails for the entire spectrum, but holds true within each symmetry sector, which justifies the GGE. In contrast, if the model has only one global Z2 symmetry or a size-independent number of local Z2 symmetries, we find that the stationary state is described by the canonical ensemble. Thus, the GGE is necessary to describe the stationary state even in a nonintegrable system if it has an extensive number of local symmetries.

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    For systems with projective symmetry representations, the paper proposes a modified ETH and shows that charged operators with symmetry-supplied charges thermalize to a generalized Gibbs ensemble, not the ordinary Gibb...