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Gravitational waves from domain walls and their implications
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abstract
We evaluate the impact of domain-wall annihilation on the currently ongoing and planned gravitational wave experiments, including a case in which domain walls experience a frictional force due to interactions with the ambient plasma. We show the sensitivity reach in terms of physical parameters, namely, the wall tension and the annihilation temperature. We find that a Higgs portal scalar, which stabilizes the Higgs potential at high energy scales, can form domain walls whose annihilation produces a large amount of gravitational waves within the reach of the advanced LIGO experiment (O5). Domain wall annihilation can also generate baryon asymmetry if the scalar is coupled to either SU(2)$_L$ gauge fields or the $(B-L)$ current. This is a variant of spontaneous baryogenesis, but it naturally avoids the isocurvature constraint due to the scaling behavior of the domain-wall evolution. We delineate the parameter space where the domain-wall baryogenesis works successfully and discuss its implications for the gravitational wave experiments.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Collapsing domain walls with $\mathbb{Z}_2$-violating coupling to thermalized fermions and their impact on gravitational wave detections
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Right-handed-neutrino couplings generate the energy bias that collapses Z2 domain walls, linking the type-I seesaw mass scale to observable gravitational-wave peaks and to resonant leptogenesis.
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Searching Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Landscape Across Frequency Bands
A hybrid cosmic string–domain wall model can fit the NANOGrav 15-year signal, and its high-frequency tail lies within LISA's projected reach, making the interpretation testable.
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Lepton parity dark matter and naturally unstable domain walls
Lepton parity stabilizes a Majorana fermion dark matter candidate while an accidental Z2 symmetry in the scalar potential creates unstable domain walls whose decay produces observable gravitational waves.
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