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A Glimpse of Gluons through Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the Proton
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The proton is composed of quarks and gluons, bound by the most elusive mechanism of strong interaction called confinement. In this work, the dynamics of quarks and gluons are investigated using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS): produced by a multi-GeV electron, a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton which subsequently radiates a high energy photon. Similarly to holography, measuring not only the magnitude but also the phase of the DVCS amplitude allows to perform 3D images of the internal structure of the proton. The phase is made accessible through the quantum-mechanical interference of DVCS with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, in which the final photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the first full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. In the high energy regime where the scattering process is expected to occur off a single quark in the proton, these accurate measurements show an intriguing sensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Kinematic power corrections to DVCS to twist-six accuracy
Complete kinematic power corrections up to twist-6 are derived for nucleon DVCS, and the series converges best when organized in powers of 1/(Q²+t).
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Implications of exclusive photon leptoproduction measurements for the proton charge-radius puzzle
After excluding or cutting low-|t| CLAS 2018 data, BH-dominated EP measurements yield a proton charge radius smaller than the PDG average and consistent with PRad and muonic hydrogen.
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Assessing the impact of the electron ion collider in China on Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
Projected EicC DVCS asymmetry data would substantially reduce uncertainties on all leading-order Compton form factors, most strongly in the sea-quark region.
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Three-dimensional imaging of hadrons with hard exclusive reactions: advances in experiment, theory, phenomenology, and lattice QCD
A community white paper reviewing GPD-based 3D imaging of hadrons — experiment, theory, phenomenology, lattice QCD — and the roadmap toward precision tomography at JLab, COMPASS, J-PARC, and future electron-ion colliders.
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