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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Black is to Criminal as Caucasian is to Police: Detecting and Removing Multiclass Bias in Word Embeddings

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1904.04047.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1904.04047 v3

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 3 of 3 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T23:35:36.117278Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-05-23T23:38:37.352557Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved0
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation 392df0e4-3a8c-4e13-8e71-6f91b0169ba0 · inbound

VLBiasBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Bias in Large Vision-Language Model cites this paper.

VLBiasBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Bias in Large Vision-Language Model Black is to Criminal as Caucasian is to Police: Detecting and Removing Multiclass Bias in Word Embeddings

Reference 7

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-23T23:38:37.355573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-23T23:37:12.985780Z digest=sha256:c68d0790aa273f03aee3d78a7d761bdf64746028fb8e6e08b9d0b20a803b59c0

Observation c6186ba7-c417-4dd7-9d21-a4a068e2904e · inbound

Multimodal Political Bias Identification and Neutralization cites this paper.

Multimodal Political Bias Identification and Neutralization Black is to Criminal as Caucasian is to Police: Detecting and Removing Multiclass Bias in Word Embeddings

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T23:35:36.117278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T23:35:36.117278Z digest=sha256:fe2f4f982be6072d422d02c426120ff4fb8396edd5e64d3b1220911c9c6cfdac

Observation bf5d8620-05a3-463c-94cf-7ac290ae637b · inbound

CaTE Data Curation for Trustworthy AI cites this paper.

CaTE Data Curation for Trustworthy AI Black is to Criminal as Caucasian is to Police: Detecting and Removing Multiclass Bias in Word Embeddings

Reference 108

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T18:23:28.118573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T18:23:28.118573Z digest=sha256:9462585cec4af8a58839ad533fee5549036ed40c55bf9d145046448ed26ad9bf