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Planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 357 including a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterization

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arxiv 1904.12818 v3 pith:GGXU5IAT submitted 2019-04-29 astro-ph.EP

R. Luque , E. Pallé , D. Kossakowski , S. Dreizler , J. Kemmer , N. Espinoza , J. Burt , G. Anglada-Escudé
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V. J. S. Béjar J. A. Caballero K. A. Collins K. I. Collins M. Cortés-Contreras E. Díez-Alonso F. Feng A. Hatzes C. Hellier T. Henning S. V. Jeffers L. Kaltenegger M. Kürster J. Madden K. Molaverdikhani D. Montes N. Narita G. Nowak A. Ofir M. Oshagh H. Parviainen A. Quirrenbach S. Reffert A. Reiners C. Rodríguez-López M. Schlecker S. Stock T. Trifonov J. N. Winn M. R. Zapatero Osorio M. Zechmeister P. J. Amado D. R. Anderson N. E. Batalha F. F. Bauer P. Bluhm C. J. Burke R. P. Butler D. A. Caldwell G. Chen J. D. Crane D. Dragomir C. D. Dressing S. Dynes J. M. Jenkins A. Kaminski H. Klahr T. Kotani M. Lafarga D. W. Latham P. Lewin S. McDermott P. Montañés-Rodríguez J. C. Morales F. Murgas E. Nagel S. Pedraz I. Ribas G. R. Ricker P. Rowden S. Seager S. A. Shectman M. Tamura J. Teske J. D. Twicken R. Vanderspeck S. X. Wang B. Wohler
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We report the detection of a transiting Earth-size planet around GJ 357, a nearby M2.5V star, using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). GJ 357 b (TOI-562.01) is a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet (Teq=525+-11 K) with a radius of Rb=1.217+-0.084 Re and an orbital period of Pb=3.93 d. Precise stellar radial velocities from CARMENES and PFS, as well as archival data from HIRES, UVES, and HARPS also display a 3.93-day periodicity, confirming the planetary nature and leading to a planetary mass of Mb=1.84+-0.31 Me. In addition to the radial velocity signal for GJ 357 b, more periodicities are present in the data indicating the presence of two further planets in the system: GJ 357 c, with a minimum mass of Mc=3.40+-0.46 Me in a 9.12 d orbit, and GJ 357 d, with a minimum mass of Md=6.1+-1.0 Me in a 55.7 d orbit inside the habitable zone. The host is relatively inactive and exhibits a photometric rotation period of Prot=78+-2 d. GJ 357 b is to date the second closest transiting planet to the Sun, making it a prime target for further investigations such as transmission spectroscopy. Therefore, GJ 357 b represents one of the best terrestrial planets suitable for atmospheric characterization with the upcoming JWST and ground-based ELTs.

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  1. Red Dots: A temperate 1.5 Earth-mass planet in a compact multi-terrestrial planet system around GJ1061

    astro-ph.EP 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Three Earth-mass planet candidates orbit the nearby red dwarf GJ 1061 with periods near 3.2, 6.7, and 13 days, and the outer one lies in the habitable zone.

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