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The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper

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arxiv 1907.08284 v1 pith:JJOCXXPN submitted 2019-07-17 astro-ph.IM

The Simons Observatory Collaboration: Maximilian H. Abitbol , Shunsuke Adachi , Peter Ade , James Aguirre , Zeeshan Ahmed , Simone Aiola , Aamir Ali , David Alonso
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Marcelo A. Alvarez Kam Arnold Peter Ashton Zachary Atkins Jason Austermann Humna Awan Carlo Baccigalupi Taylor Baildon Anton Baleato Lizancos Darcy Barron Nick Battaglia Richard Battye Eric Baxter Andrew Bazarko James A. Beall Rachel Bean Dominic Beck Shawn Beckman Benjamin Beringue Tanay Bhandarkar Sanah Bhimani Federico Bianchini Steven Boada David Boettger Boris Bolliet J. Richard Bond Julian Borrill Michael L. Brown Sarah Marie Bruno Sean Bryan Erminia Calabrese Victoria Calafut Paolo Calisse Julien Carron Fred. M Carl Juan Cayuso Anthony Challinor Grace Chesmore Yuji Chinone Jens Chluba Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cho Steve Choi Susan Clark Philip Clarke Carlo Contaldi Gabriele Coppi Nicholas F. Cothard Kevin Coughlin Will Coulton Devin Crichton Kevin D. Crowley Kevin T. Crowley Ari Cukierman John M. D'Ewart Rolando Dünner Tijmen de Haan Mark Devlin Simon Dicker Bradley Dober Cody J. Duell Shannon Duff Adri Duivenvoorden Jo Dunkley Hamza El Bouhargani Josquin Errard Giulio Fabbian Stephen Feeney James Fergusson Simone Ferraro Pedro Fluxà Katherine Freese Josef C. Frisch Andrei Frolov George Fuller Nicholas Galitzki Patricio A. Gallardo Jose Tomas Galvez Ghersi Jiansong Gao Eric Gawiser Martina Gerbino Vera Gluscevic Neil Goeckner-Wald Joseph Golec Sam Gordon Megan Gralla Daniel Green Arpi Grigorian John Groh Chris Groppi Yilun Guan Jon E. Gudmundsson Mark Halpern Dongwon Han Peter Hargrave Kathleen Harrington Masaya Hasegawa Matthew Hasselfield Makoto Hattori Victor Haynes Masashi Hazumi Erin Healy Shawn W. Henderson Brandon Hensley Carlos Hervias-Caimapo Charles A. Hill J. Colin Hill Gene Hilton Matt Hilton Adam D. Hincks Gary Hinshaw Renée Hložek Shirley Ho Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho Thuong D. Hoang Jonathan Hoh Selim C. Hotinli Zhiqi Huang Johannes Hubmayr Kevin Huffenberger John P. Hughes Anna Ijjas Margaret Ikape Kent Irwin Andrew H. Jaffe Bhuvnesh Jain Oliver Jeong Matthew Johnson Daisuke Kaneko Ethan D. Karpel Nobuhiko Katayama Brian Keating Reijo Keskitalo Theodore Kisner Kenji Kiuchi Jeff Klein Kenda Knowles Anna Kofman Brian Koopman Arthur Kosowsky Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff Akito Kusaka Phil LaPlante Jacob Lashner Adrian Lee Eunseong Lee Antony Lewis Yaqiong Li Zack Li Michele Limon Eric Linder Jia Liu Carlos Lopez-Caraballo Thibaut Louis Marius Lungu Mathew Madhavacheril Daisy Mak Felipe Maldonado Hamdi Mani Ben Mates Frederick Matsuda Loïc Maurin Phil Mauskopf Andrew May Nialh McCallum Heather McCarrick Chris McKenney Jeff McMahon P. Daniel Meerburg James Mertens Joel Meyers Amber Miller Mark Mirmelstein Kavilan Moodley Jenna Moore Moritz Munchmeyer Charles Munson Masaaki Murata Sigurd Naess Toshiya Namikawa Federico Nati Martin Navaroli Laura Newburgh Ho Nam Nguyen Andrina Nicola Mike Niemack Haruki Nishino Yume Nishinomiya John Orlowski-Scherer Luca Pagano Bruce Partridge Francesca Perrotta Phumlani Phakathi Lucio Piccirillo Elena Pierpaoli Giampaolo Pisano Davide Poletti Roberto Puddu Giuseppe Puglisi Chris Raum Christian L. Reichardt Mathieu Remazeilles Yoel Rephaeli Dominik Riechers Felipe Rojas Aditya Rotti Anirban Roy Sharon Sadeh Yuki Sakurai Maria Salatino Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao Lauren Saunders Emmanuel Schaan Marcel Schmittfull Neelima Sehgal Joseph Seibert Uros Seljak Paul Shellard Blake Sherwin Meir Shimon Carlos Sierra Jonathan Sievers Cristobal Sifon Precious Sikhosana Maximiliano Silva-Feaver Sara M. Simon Adrian Sinclair Kendrick Smith Wuhyun Sohn Rita Sonka David Spergel Jacob Spisak Suzanne T. Staggs George Stein Jason R. Stevens Radek Stompor Aritoki Suzuki Osamu Tajima Satoru Takakura Grant Teply Daniel B. Thomas Ben Thorne Robert Thornton Hy Trac Jesse Treu Calvin Tsai Carole Tucker Joel Ullom Sunny Vagnozzi Alexander van Engelen Jeff Van Lanen Daniel D. Van Winkle Eve M. Vavagiakis Clara Vergès Michael Vissers Kasey Wagoner Samantha Walker Yuhan Wang Jon Ward Ben Westbrook Nathan Whitehorn Jason Williams Joel Williams Edward Wollack Zhilei Xu Siavash Yasini Edward Young Byeonghee Yu Cyndia Yu Fernando Zago Mario Zannoni Hezi Zhang Kaiwen Zheng Ningfeng Zhu Andrea Zonca
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The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4.

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