Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.07023.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.07023 v1

Coverage vector

measured 33 of 33 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.687348Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

33 of 33 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy10
unresolved20
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 380e9864-8795-4755-a3c1-4e24f244d8c7 · outbound

This paper cites A stochastic approximation met hod,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization A stochastic approximation met hod,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:58.214620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 0dfe696a-4d19-4903-ba6d-ecb74fa940bf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:58.194660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 74bd3fe5-cfb0-4d75-be6e-20604c480807 · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive networks,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Adaptive networks,

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.535536Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 687bb502-8689-42b8-af17-928afe84d457 · outbound

This paper cites Adaptation, learning, and optimization ov er networks,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Adaptation, learning, and optimization ov er networks,

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.540658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation afaad788-92c5-4a26-940c-5baac79ad298 · outbound

This paper cites Gradient Descent Can Take Exponential Time to Escape Saddle Points.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Gradient Descent Can Take Exponential Time to Escape Saddle Points

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.545530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e903345-de89-4eed-8e72-ce78a1b34e4c · outbound

This paper cites Escaping from saddle pointsonline stochastic gradient for tensor decompositio n,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Escaping from saddle pointsonline stochastic gradient for tensor decompositio n,

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:58.148641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 225efb58-aadc-4cae-98ad-130710dfabd3 · outbound

This paper cites On Nonconvex Optimization for Machine Learning: Gradients, Stochasticity, and Saddle Points.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization On Nonconvex Optimization for Machine Learning: Gradients, Stochasticity, and Saddle Points

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.556595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a641101-e745-4204-8a10-d0e4a85eae9d · outbound

This paper cites Distributed Learning in Non-Convex Environments -- Part I: Agreement at a Linear Rate.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Distributed Learning in Non-Convex Environments -- Part I: Agreement at a Linear Rate

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.858068Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 0685eacb-e7e5-4049-baaa-dd1c8d2a990d · outbound

This paper cites Distributed Learning in Non-Convex Environments -- Part II: Polynomial Escape from Saddle-Points.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Distributed Learning in Non-Convex Environments -- Part II: Polynomial Escape from Saddle-Points

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.836541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 05a00bb6-f2c2-423e-8504-80f62e64e523 · outbound

This paper cites Nesterov, Introductory Lectures on Convex Programming V olume I: Basic Course , Springer, 1998.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Nesterov, Introductory Lectures on Convex Programming V olume I: Basic Course , Springer, 1998

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:58.132514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation daaa2bd9-9690-487a-a62e-5b86e9207e98 · outbound

This paper cites Gradient convergence in gradient methods with errors,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Gradient convergence in gradient methods with errors,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:58.113798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8259aab6-0a18-4ea9-998e-5e52ead4fd43 · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic variance reduction for nonconvex optimization,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Stochastic variance reduction for nonconvex optimization,

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.583333Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e940f5d-0b60-472a-ab28-e8631f7b3bae · outbound

This paper cites Ghost Penalties in Nonconvex Constrained Optimization: Diminishing Stepsizes and Iteration Complexity.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Ghost Penalties in Nonconvex Constrained Optimization: Diminishing Stepsizes and Iteration Complexity

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.813743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation eeb2449a-aecc-4e2f-86bf-9833363d9952 · outbound

This paper cites Non-convex optimization for machin e learning,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Non-convex optimization for machin e learning,

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.593920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b0048097-5447-4794-a77d-8c7e471b7fe8 · outbound

This paper cites The Loss Surfaces of Multilayer Networks,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization The Loss Surfaces of Multilayer Networks,

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.598727Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23dacbb6-aa1a-4499-9a96-0a80418f8519 · outbound

This paper cites Deep learning without poor local minima ,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Deep learning without poor local minima ,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:58.062989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 5b2f9233-fbce-4df5-a08b-54690ac1f820 · outbound

This paper cites Matrix completion has no spur ious local minimum,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Matrix completion has no spur ious local minimum,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:58.047060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 236c8887-6a5a-4d0b-b086-1ae3415bf549 · outbound

This paper cites Global o ptimality of local search for low rank matrix recovery,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Global o ptimality of local search for low rank matrix recovery,

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:58.031637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f30c2a85-ba54-4d12-ae36-0b7158154b12 · outbound

This paper cites Cubic regularization of n ewton method and its global performance,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Cubic regularization of n ewton method and its global performance,

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.619640Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6b7f75cd-1e5c-447d-a186-95d85379a8d5 · outbound

This paper cites A trust regi on algorithm with a worst-case iteration complexity of o(ǫ− 3/ 2) for nonconvex optimization,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization A trust regi on algorithm with a worst-case iteration complexity of o(ǫ− 3/ 2) for nonconvex optimization,

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:58.004243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 3b5df49c-18d5-43a7-a38b-da615bef6100 · outbound

This paper cites SPIDER: Near-opt imal non- convex optimization via stochastic path-integrated differential estimator,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization SPIDER: Near-opt imal non- convex optimization via stochastic path-integrated differential estimator,

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.629224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b68105e-a54c-4980-b146-0771999afc8d · outbound

This paper cites NEON2: Finding local minima via ﬁrst-order oracles,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization NEON2: Finding local minima via ﬁrst-order oracles,

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.633787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44f9e851-c255-4e21-80d7-ec4cbdb56df5 · outbound

This paper cites Natasha 2: Faster non-convex optimizat ion than SGD,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Natasha 2: Faster non-convex optimizat ion than SGD,

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.638390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 763e2391-7027-4ca1-ad84-b062ca77d603 · outbound

This paper cites Gra dient descent only converges to minimizers,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Gra dient descent only converges to minimizers,

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.643356Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 31cc347c-8c22-4ec3-b6ef-c574a1e0cc8a · outbound

This paper cites Second-order Guarantees of Distributed Gradient Algorithms.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Second-order Guarantees of Distributed Gradient Algorithms

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.648461Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ca6569c-5e64-42d8-86f3-72ddf0b4ee31 · outbound

This paper cites How to escape saddle points efﬁciently,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization How to escape saddle points efﬁciently,

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.653942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8cd5fca3-cd97-4a72-a48d-aa73224bb56a · outbound

This paper cites Accelerated gr adient descent escapes saddle points faster than gradient descent,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Accelerated gr adient descent escapes saddle points faster than gradient descent,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.936819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 608c1dc5-8dd5-4073-854b-d01fb25c979a · outbound

This paper cites Recursive stochastic algori thms for global optimization in Rd,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Recursive stochastic algori thms for global optimization in Rd,

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.663150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 28bf37f6-5a63-4742-9772-aae4abec551d · outbound

This paper cites Annealing for Distributed Global Optimization.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Annealing for Distributed Global Optimization

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.667814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65e65c4c-2ff0-45b2-a8c4-e01cd5d7bacd · outbound

This paper cites Escaping Saddles with Stochastic Gradients.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Escaping Saddles with Stochastic Gradients

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.672603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 37c587e2-a5ef-4239-b9eb-c95e4b85096e · outbound

This paper cites Sharp Analysis for Nonconvex SGD Escaping from Saddle Points.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Sharp Analysis for Nonconvex SGD Escaping from Saddle Points

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.677397Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation add5bab4-93c1-4189-8355-7b6546356889 · outbound

This paper cites Stabilized SVRG: Simple Variance Reduction for Nonconvex Optimization.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Stabilized SVRG: Simple Variance Reduction for Nonconvex Optimization

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.682441Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92c09af5-6139-4463-ab19-fd92e0aa1b9f · outbound

This paper cites Distributed Pareto optimizati on via diffusion strategies,.

Second-Order Guarantees of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Non-Convex Optimization Distributed Pareto optimizati on via diffusion strategies,

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:38:57.909701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

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