Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 35 of 35 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:1908.08594.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.08594 v3

Coverage vector

measured 35 of 35 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.106428Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T11:05:00.358955Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-14T11:05:00.585631Z

Reference resolution

35 of 35 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 905eecaf-0d40-4cc5-93c8-ca80a7085097 · outbound

This paper cites Automated item generation with recurrent neural networks,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Automated item generation with recurrent neural networks,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.522304Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a87ec7bf-7ca4-46c5-9e30-fe1ecfdb31ba · outbound

This paper cites Attention Is All You Need.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Attention Is All You Need

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:39.980718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 75d1a15d-f3da-4022-93da-fb7c29324c20 · outbound

This paper cites Gaugan tool for artists,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Gaugan tool for artists,

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.509188Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 3359352a-925e-47ed-bbd3-d1326625ee71 · outbound

This paper cites The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain,

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.496323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a16241ce-50ef-4cc5-b3a7-40a84a1e0236 · outbound

This paper cites Long short-term memory,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Long short-term memory,

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:39.992683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e9333e25-2f17-4202-a294-be8a95a52b4e · outbound

This paper cites High-performance psychometrics: The parallel-e parallel-m algorithm for generalized latent variable models,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model High-performance psychometrics: The parallel-e parallel-m algorithm for generalized latent variable models,

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.477949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 5ee1d451-b83f-492c-ae58-f5e7d1cdcc69 · outbound

This paper cites A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several ﬁve-factor models,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several ﬁve-factor models,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.466019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation cdf587c9-2e41-4fae-8a0b-f752a369b0c6 · outbound

This paper cites The international per- sonality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model The international per- sonality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.454246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 08d66251-853f-4c99-8f27-7b9333c1b2f2 · outbound

This paper cites Mit’s 1961 tv program: The thinking machine.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Mit’s 1961 tv program: The thinking machine

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.441698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 38614d0d-9e6e-4624-8520-a8517e3435e8 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsupervised multitask learners,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Language models are unsupervised multitask learners,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.429624Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 269edea4-3370-4f4f-9012-c884f13f0123 · outbound

This paper cites This ai-powered autocompletion software is gmail’s smart compose for coders – upgrading coding autocompleter tools with deep learning,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model This ai-powered autocompletion software is gmail’s smart compose for coders – upgrading coding autocompleter tools with deep learning,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.418057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 6453a659-1f74-4a75-b9b2-fc57c8db5914 · outbound

This paper cites Doctor AI: Predicting Clinical Events via Recurrent Neural Networks.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Doctor AI: Predicting Clinical Events via Recurrent Neural Networks

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.018425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e9a6ea57-1658-4428-9394-87ca10ab35cb · outbound

This paper cites Generative testing: from conception to implementation in item generation for test development,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Generative testing: from conception to implementation in item generation for test development,

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.406066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation fbf181f2-cf9c-4ee7-972b-d2984e42c2a0 · outbound

This paper cites Generating items during testing: psychometric issues and models,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Generating items during testing: psychometric issues and models,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.394844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 27f9e0dd-4102-4d94-a918-21054d85efb8 · outbound

This paper cites A mathematical theory of communication,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model A mathematical theory of communication,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.383571Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 8fa8a2a0-3e3b-465d-a326-44d4fe6f0c6a · outbound

This paper cites Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks,

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.033926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58e4f88d-fd94-4825-94e8-ff5bf30bdd3a · outbound

This paper cites Universal Function Approximation by Deep Neural Nets with Bounded Width and ReLU Activations.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Universal Function Approximation by Deep Neural Nets with Bounded Width and ReLU Activations

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.037460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 28def4bd-a953-4f31-9f84-3063ae6337a6 · outbound

This paper cites TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.041446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 26be5396-a3b8-46d5-8d82-800c5bf0ba9d · outbound

This paper cites char-rnn for tensorﬂow,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model char-rnn for tensorﬂow,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.366384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1beaed8c-d89e-4010-b429-c87032743f5e · outbound

This paper cites Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Context.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Context

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.048814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a84ac2aa-fcd0-453f-8a83-057f5630bf5b · outbound

This paper cites Defending Against Neural Fake News.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Defending Against Neural Fake News

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.053088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 342993e2-d249-4023-828b-10ba1b607a28 · outbound

This paper cites Megatronlm press release. accessed on august 13th,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Megatronlm press release. accessed on august 13th,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.355141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 3229af90-06c8-4fb0-b5a6-c1dd77e53a7d · outbound

This paper cites Models for analyzing categorical panel data,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Models for analyzing categorical panel data,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.344342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 8d1d807f-0ecf-4554-9f44-c0193dfed083 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 24

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 925a86a7-4216-440b-b803-c154ff5c82c2 · outbound

This paper cites Medical Concept Representation Learning from Electronic Health Records and its Application on Heart Failure Prediction.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Medical Concept Representation Learning from Electronic Health Records and its Application on Heart Failure Prediction

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.069432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 554e12d1-3458-4af2-b41c-7d8f5412f8aa · outbound

This paper cites The staggering cost of training sota ai models,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model The staggering cost of training sota ai models,

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.332078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation f6a31fee-a75f-4f0e-805d-a6a5845c15fa · outbound

This paper cites Speeding up the training of neural networks with cuda technology,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Speeding up the training of neural networks with cuda technology,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.319665Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 2b31ad6d-7f0a-4d6b-b554-499800866f90 · outbound

This paper cites Synthea: An approach, method, and software mechanism for generating synthetic patients and the synthetic electronic health care record,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Synthea: An approach, method, and software mechanism for generating synthetic patients and the synthetic electronic health care record,

Reference 28

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 309ae49b-bdb8-495a-9c9f-577fc7a4e527 · outbound

This paper cites Opportunities and challenges in developing deep learning models using electronic health records data: a systematic review,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Opportunities and challenges in developing deep learning models using electronic health records data: a systematic review,

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.084333Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3c9bca19-1099-48fc-be19-286981746313 · outbound

This paper cites Memory-Efficient Backpropagation Through Time.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Memory-Efficient Backpropagation Through Time

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.088050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation db452c97-fc68-44bc-b6e8-320d6abf75c7 · outbound

This paper cites Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.091849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 20cc2611-20ae-4f0f-b43a-520c2107d5a8 · outbound

This paper cites Free full text articles : where to search for them?.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Free full text articles : where to search for them?

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.307378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation aa7c6e83-a2f1-4b45-ba41-a9c217d9e727 · outbound

This paper cites Patent claim generation by ﬁne-tuning,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Patent claim generation by ﬁne-tuning,

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.295044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation b7ae691c-60cd-47e7-a8b8-1480da04107c · outbound

This paper cites Gpt-2 neural network poetry,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Gpt-2 neural network poetry,

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.282466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d2338d0b-20d9-4795-bbe3-83861a4537cd · outbound

This paper cites Ai supporting wellness,.

Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model Ai supporting wellness,

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:36:40.268985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 08559e0b-8e93-44d1-bff8-b6ee49d120af · inbound

The Limitations of Stylometry for Detecting Machine-Generated Fake News cites this paper.

The Limitations of Stylometry for Detecting Machine-Generated Fake News Training Optimus Prime, M.D.: Generating Medical Certification Items by Fine-Tuning OpenAI's gpt2 Transformer Model

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T11:05:00.592330Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.