Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 5 minor 39 references

A New Concept for Kilotonne Scale Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers

T0 review · 3 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-14 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read A modular liquid-argon time projection chamber combining pixel readout, short segmented drift, and resistive field shells is proposed for kilotonne-scale neutrino detection, including a DUNE far detector module.

desk verdict A plausible, well-scoped conceptual design for a modular kilotonne LArTPC, with the caveat that the headline active-volume and HV-risk claims rest on an unvalidated extrapolation of the G10 field-shell dielectric behavior. read the letter →

arxiv 1908.10956 v3 pith:CAFYTRXE submitted 2019-08-28 physics.ins-det

M. Auger , R. Berner , Y. Chen , A. Ereditato , D. Goeldi , P. P. Koller , I. Kreslo , D. Lorca
show 20 more authors
T. Mettler F. Piastra J. R. Sinclair M. Weber C. Wilkinson M. Convery L. Domine F. Drielsma R. Itay D. H. Koh H. A. Tanaka K. Terao P. Tsang T. Usher D. A. Dwyer S. Kohn P. Madigan C. M. Marshall A. Bross J. Asaadi
This is my paper · ORCID
classification physics.ins-det
keywords liquidargontimeprojectionchamberpixelatedchargereadoutLArPixresistivefieldshellmodularTPCkilotonnedetectorDUNEfar
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

Liquid argon time projection chambers usually scale up by making one huge drift volume with wire readout. This paper argues that a kilotonne-scale detector can instead be built from many short-drift modules: dense pixel pads digitise charge in the cold for unambiguous 3D imaging, a continuous resistive field shell shapes the electric field and doubles as a dielectric wall between modules, and the segmentation contains scintillation light for fast, localised triggers. The payoffs claimed are concrete: lower cathode voltage (about -73.5 kV instead of -180 kV for a DUNE-size module), stored energy per segment reduced from roughly 100 J to 2.2 J, a larger active volume because clearance gaps are no longer needed, and better reconstruction of low-energy events such as solar and supernova neutrinos and proton decay. The paper presents this as a concept backed by small demonstrations of each technology, not as a full-scale test.

What carries the argument

The carrying mechanism is the resistive field shell: a continuous resistive plane, prototyped as roughly 50 µm carbon-loaded Kapton foil laminated on a G10 substrate, that replaces the discrete field-shaping rings and resistor chain of a conventional field cage. It supplies a smooth linear potential drop along the drift direction, limits the rate of energy release in a breakdown, and, because G10 is a strong dielectric, lets two TPCs share a wall with no clearance volume. The other components hang off this shell: LArPix pixel tiles provide per-pixel cold digitisation; isolated 3.09 m x 13.6 m cathode sections cap stored energy; and ArCLight-type dielectric photon detectors lining the shells contain prompt scintillation light, giving a roughly 50 keV light-detection threshold and nanosecond timing.

What would settle it

An experiment that places two full-height 1.47 m-drift field-shell modules side by side, runs the cathodes at -73.5 kV in purified liquid argon for an extended period, and monitors the potential profile and breakdown rate would settle the claim: non-uniform surface resistance, breakdown below the target voltage, or current leakage through G10 between modules would falsify the design's central assumption.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that merging three independently demonstrated technologies—pixelated charge readout, segmented short-drift TPCs with a continuous resistive field shell, and module-contained light detection—yields a liquid argon TPC architecture that is safer, more reliable, and more sensitive at multi-kilotonne scale than the traditional monolithic wire-readout design. In the worked example of a 10-kilotonne-class far detector module, a 61.8 m x 13.6 m x 14.9 m volume is divided by five shared cathodes into ten 1.47 m drift segments along the width, and each cathode is further segmented into twenty electrically isolated sections along the beam axis, giving 200 independent TPCs. Each cathode section then needs only -73.5 kV to maintain 500 V/cm, and the stored energy per cathode pair is about 2.2 J, compared with -180 kV and about 100 J per cathode segment in the baseline single-phase design. The paper claims this improves energy reconstruction, background rejection, and low-energy sensitivity, and it puts charge-readout cost at roughly $42M and optical-readout cost at roughly $80M for a full module.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that a continuous resistive field shell laminated on G10 will provide a stable, uniform potential gradient while operating at -73.5 kV over a 1.47 m drift and simultaneously act as a dielectric barrier between adjacent TPCs; this is extrapolated from a 7 cm x 7 cm, 15 cm-drift demonstrator run at -23 kV, with no full-scale adjacent-module test.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • A far detector module built this way would need -73.5 kV rather than -180 kV on each cathode, and a breakdown would release about 2.2 J per cathode pair instead of about 100 J.
  • Pixelated readout removes the 2D-to-3D ambiguity of wire planes, giving uniform reconstruction efficiency for tracks in any direction, including those parallel to the anode.
  • Contained scintillation light gives a precise, dead-time-free trigger and improves low-energy event selection, which would directly aid solar-neutrino, supernova-neutrino, and proton-decay searches.
  • A G10 field shell removes the clearance volume between TPC and cryostat, yielding an active volume about 21% larger than the baseline single-phase module with no additional dead-material penalty beyond 18 cm of anode planes.
  • Modular construction means individual pixel tiles, cathode segments, or light readout units can be replaced or upgraded without dismantling the full detector.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the resistive shell performs as modelled, the same segmentation logic should lower the required liquid argon purity per module, since drift length falls to about 1.5 m; this could shorten commissioning and reduce the cost of achieving kilotonne-scale fiducial mass, though the paper only hints at purity benefits.
  • The absence of a preferred readout direction makes the architecture attractive for any rare-event search in liquid argon—dark matter, coherent neutrino scattering, or reactor neutrinos—where directional uniformity and low-energy response matter; the paper frames these as LArTPC applications rather than developing this broader case.
  • A natural optimisation question the paper leaves open is the trade-off between more segmentation (lower voltage, better light containment, higher cost) and fewer, longer drifts; the cost figures imply the optimum depends sensitively on the price per square metre of pixel and optical readout.
  • Rayleigh scattering of scintillation photons inside a module could blur the claimed nanosecond vertex timing at low light intensity, and cross-module light leakage was not explicitly addressed; measuring both in a prototype would test the optical-segmentation promise.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 5 minor

Summary. This paper proposes a modular liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) concept for kilotonne-scale neutrino detectors, specifically as a candidate for a DUNE far detector module. The design combines three elements: (i) LArPix pixelated charge readout with cold ASIC digitization to obtain unambiguous 3D imaging; (ii) segmentation into many short-drift TPCs, each using a continuous resistive "field-shell" on a G10 substrate in place of conventional field-shaping rings, with the G10 claimed to provide dielectric shielding between neighbouring TPCs and against the cryostat; and (iii) optical segmentation with ArCLight-style dielectric photon detectors, argued to contain scintillation light and improve trigger localization and low-energy sensitivity. The paper presents a specific segmentation scheme for a DUNE far detector module: 10 TPCs across the 15.1 m width, 20 sections along the 62 m length, 1.47 m drift length, and -73.5 kV cathode voltage, claiming a ~21% larger active volume and reduced high-voltage stored energy compared with the DUNE single-phase design. The concept is supported by references to small-scale demonstrations of the individual components (a 60 cm drift LArPix demonstrator, a 7 cm x 7 cm, 15 cm drift Bern field-shell demonstrator at -23 kV, and ArCLight prototypes), but no full-scale or integrated test is reported.

Significance. If the concept works as claimed, it would be a valuable contribution to the design space for future LArTPCs and to the ongoing discussion of the DUNE fourth far detector module. The paper has real strengths: it builds on measured component-level results from the authors' own R&D program (e.g., LArPix power consumption of 62 microW per channel, the Bern field-shell demonstrator, ArCLight), it gives explicit cost and stored-energy estimates, and it identifies the ArgonCube 1.4 m prototype as a necessary future integration test. The modularity argument is clearly presented and the authors acknowledge several open items, including the absence of fiducialization studies. The main significance risk is that the central active-volume and high-voltage-risk claims rest on an extrapolation of the resistive G10 field-shell to a far larger voltage, area, and multi-module configuration than has been demonstrated. The paper would be a strong conceptual-design contribution if that extrapolation were presented as a hypothesis requiring validation rather than as an established property.

major comments (3)
  1. [§3.1, §5] The central active-volume and high-voltage-risk claims rest on the assertion that a continuous resistive field-shell laminated on a 5 mm G10 substrate provides dielectric shielding between neighbouring TPCs and against the cryostat, eliminating the need for clearance volumes at -73.5 kV. The evidence cited is the Bern demonstrator (7 cm x 7 cm footprint, 15 cm drift, up to -23 kV) and a G10 dielectric strength measurement made under different conditions [33]. No test addresses the proposed geometry: 1.47 m drift at -73.5 kV on field-shell walls of order 3.09 m x 13.6 m, with adjacent TPCs operating at different potentials and with the G10/LAr interface forming the insulating boundary. Long-term leakage current, surface conduction, charge-up, and breakdown at the G10/LAr interface at 87 K are not demonstrated. Please either provide quantitative supporting measurements or an engineering argument with explicit voltage and safety margins, or reframe this as an unvalidated design assumption and remove or qualify the claims of eliminated clearance volume, reduced HV risk, and ~21% larger active volume that depend on it.
  2. [§4] The statement that "the threshold for detecting a light signal is ~50 keV" is presented without a derivation. The threshold presumably follows from the assumed ~1% ArCLight photon detection efficiency, but the number of detected photoelectrons corresponding to 50 keV, the required trigger criteria, the expected noise or dark rate, and the light-collection efficiency are not given. Because improved low-energy sensitivity is a central claimed benefit of the design, please provide the explicit calculation and state clearly that this is an estimate pending a measurement of the actual photon detection efficiency and noise of a full-scale ArCLight system.
  3. [§5] The statement that the proposed design has an active volume "~21% larger" than the DUNE single-phase modules is a geometric comparison that depends on the unvalidated field-shell dielectric-shielding premise eliminating the 20 cm clearance volume. The paper itself notes that fiducialisation studies have not been carried out. Please separate the geometric active-volume comparison from any statement about usable or fiducial volume, and explicitly condition the 21% figure on the validation of the field-shell premise, since the segmentation and readout structure will introduce additional uninstrumented or poorly reconstructed regions.
minor comments (5)
  1. [§2.3] The cost estimate "$5km−2" should read "$5k m−2"; the same estimate appears as "∼$5k m−2" in Section 5 and should be harmonized throughout.
  2. [§4 and §5] The optical readout cost is quoted as "∼$10.5k m−2" in Section 4 but as "∼$10k m−2" in Sections 5 and 6; please harmonize these numbers.
  3. [Abstract and §1] There is a typo: "a number or shorter drift volumes" should read "a number of shorter drift volumes."
  4. [§4] The sentence "The cost for build an ArCLight-type system" is missing a word and should read "The cost to build an ArCLight-type system."
  5. [§3.1 and Figure 4] The Bern field-shell demonstrator used a perforated resistive kapton foil to allow LAr purification; the proposed full-scale G10 field-shell design does not state whether perforations or another purification strategy are envisaged. Please clarify, since a completely continuous shell could impede LAr flow and purity equilibration within each TPC module.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 1.0 of 10

No circular derivation: the proposed detector concept extrapolates from independently demonstrated components, and no predicted quantity reduces by construction to a fitted input.

full rationale

This paper is a conceptual design proposal, not a data-fitting or derivation paper. The central claims (pixelated 3D readout, segmented drift with resistive field shells, optical segmentation, applicability as a DUNE far detector module) are presented as design choices supported by prior component demonstrations. No equation in the paper fits a parameter to a dataset and then re-predicts that same dataset. The 'active volume ~21% larger' statement is a geometric calculation from the stated DUNE cryostat dimensions and the proposed segmentation (Section 5), not a result forced by an input fitted from those same dimensions. The cost figures are explicitly estimates ('predicted to be', 'estimated to be'), not derived predictions. The field-shell dielectric-shielding argument cites an external measurement of G10 dielectric strength [33] and a small-scale Bern demonstrator [34]; these are independent empirical results, and the paper does not redefine its conclusion as its premise. The LArPix and ArCLight citations are also component-level demonstrations with their own test stands. Heavy self-citation is present, but the load-bearing assertions are not circular: the extrapolation from a 7 cm x 7 cm, -23 kV demonstrator to a kilotonne-scale, -73.5 kV design is a scalability risk, not a tautology. The paper even acknowledges missing fiducialization studies, which further confirms that the design claims are open extrapolations rather than closed circular arguments. No circular step can be exhibited where an equation or conclusion reduces by definition to its own input.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The proposal depends on unverified-at-scale engineering assumptions (large-area resistive field shell, G10 dielectric behavior at 87 K, occupancy extrapolations) and on order-of-magnitude cost and performance estimates. No new physical entities are introduced; the central load-bearing assumptions are material and scaling properties.

free parameters (4)
  • Field-shell sheet resistance = 4 GΩ/sq (power example); O(10) GΩ/sq required
    Section 3.1 uses 4 GΩ/sq to estimate 2.5 W/m3 power; the required uniformity and value at 87 K and -73.5 kV are material assumptions, not measured at scale.
  • Pixel pitch = 3 to 5 mm
    Section 2.2 sets this range for readout density; it drives channel count, power, and cost but is not optimized in this paper.
  • Photon detection threshold = ~50 keV
    Section 4 derives the threshold from an assumed ~1% photon detection efficiency without a detailed light yield calculation; the threshold is central to the low-energy sensitivity claim.
  • Unit cost estimates = $5k/m2 (charge), $10k/m2 (optical)
    Sections 2.3 and 5 present these as predictions with no uncertainty; total cost ($42M, $80M) scales with segmentation and is central to the proposal's feasibility.
assumptions (5)
  • standard math Parallel-plate capacitance approximation for stored energy in segmented TPC modules.
    Used in Section 5 to compute 425 pF and 2.2 J stored energy; ignores edge effects and support structures.
  • domain assumption Breakdown voltage behavior of LAr at centimeter scale (Refs [26,27]) applies to the proposed modular geometry and sets the HV risk model.
    Section 3 uses these studies to justify shorter drift, but the modular field-shell geometry may create different field configurations.
  • ad hoc to paper A uniform-resistance field-shell produces a continuous linear potential gradient at 87 K over large areas.
    Section 3.1 extends the small Bern demonstrator to a 1.47 m drift, -73.5 kV design; no measurement of uniformity or stability exists at this scale.
  • domain assumption G10 retains 200 kV/cm dielectric strength at 1 cm thickness at cryogenic temperature and after lamination with the resistive layer.
    Section 3.1 cites Ref [33] for dielectric strength; temperature and large-area effects are not addressed.
  • domain assumption Pixel occupancy and data rates in a kilotonne detector remain below the LArPix self-trigger capacity.
    Section 2.2 extrapolates from DUNE ND occupancy estimates (Ref [25]); FD occupancy and pile-up are not separately simulated.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of A New Concept for Kilotonne Scale Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/CAFYTRXE

@misc{pith2026190810956,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: A New Concept for Kilotonne Scale Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/CAFYTRXE}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:1908.10956}
}
read the original abstract

We develop a novel approach for a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) concept suitable for deployment in kilotonne scale detectors, with a charge-readout system free from reconstruction ambiguities, and a robust TPC design that reduces high-voltage risks while increasing the coverage of the light collection system. This novel concept could be deployed as a Far Detector module in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino-oscillation experiment. For the charge-readout system, we use the charge-collection pixels and associated application-specific integrated circuits currently being developed for the liquid argon (LAr) component of the DUNE Near Detector design, ArgonCube. In addition, we divide the TPC into a number or shorter drift volumes, reducing the total voltage used to drift the ionisation electrons, and minimising the stored energy per TPC. Segmenting the TPC also contains scintillation light, allowing for precise trigger localisation and a more expansive light-readout system. Furthermore, the design opens the possibility of replacing or upgrading components. These augmentations could substantially improve reliability and sensitivity, particularly for low energy signals, in comparison to a traditional monolithic LArTPCs with projective charge-readout.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1908.10956 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. A prototype pixelated charge-readout PCB developed as part of the ArgonCube R&D programme. The PCB has 832 pixels with various pad geometries, to identify optimal dimensions (left). LBNL’s LArPix ASICs are mounted directly on the rear of the PCB, providing cold signal digitisation (right) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. A cosmic ray induced shower recorded with the LBNL LArPix equipped charge-readout system shown in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Top, a comparison of all dielectric breakdown measurements in liquid argon, showing breakdowns at centimetre scale [26]. Bottom, breakdown point in liquid argon; the electric field at a spherical cathode is plotted against the anode to cathode separation (electrode gap) [27]. 5 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (2 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: The Bern field-shell demonstrator LArTPC. The field-shell and cathode are made from ∼ 50 µm resistive kapton foil. For this test, the field-shell was perforated to allow purification of the LAr within the active volume. The TPC has a 7 cm × 7 cm footprint and a 15 cm d…
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Potential deployment of the modular LArTPC concept discussion in this work in a DUNE far detector cryostat. The internal cryostat dimensions are 62 m long, 15.1 m wide and 14 m high. A figure is shown in the bottom left to give a sense of scale. There are five cathodes…

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

39 extracted references · 26 canonical work pages

  1. [33]

    Tuncer, I

    E. Tuncer, I. Sauers, D. R. James and A. R. Ellis,Electrical insulation characteristics of glass fiber reinforced resins, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity19 (2009) 2359

    work page 2009

  2. [1]

    D. R. Nygren,The Time Projection Chamber: A New 4 pi Detector for Charged Particles, eConf C740805 (1974) 58

    work page 1974

  3. [2]

    Willis and V

    W. Willis and V. Radeka,Liquid-argon ionization chambers as total-absorption detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods120 (1974) 221

    work page 1974

  4. [3]

    Cavanna, A

    F. Cavanna, A. Ereditato and B. Fleming,Advances in liquid argon detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment907 (2018) 1

    work page 2018

  5. [4]

    Rubbia,The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber: A New Concept for Neutrino Detectors, Tech

    C. Rubbia,The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber: A New Concept for Neutrino Detectors, Tech. Rep. CERN-EP-INT-77-08, CERN, 1977

    work page 1977

  6. [5]

    M. Zeller et al.,First measurements with argontube, a 5m long drift liquid argon tpc, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment718 (2013) 454

    work page 2013

  7. [6]

    S. E. Kopp,The NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab, physics/0508001

    work page Pith review arXiv

  8. [7]

    DUNE collaboration, Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 1: The LBNF and DUNE Projects, 1601.05471

    arXiv

Show all 39 references
  1. [8]

    DUNE collaboration, Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) : Conceptual Design Report, Volume 4 The DUNE Detectors at LBNF, 1601.02984

  2. [9]

    DUNE collaboration, The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report, Volume 2: Single-Phase Module, 1807.10327

  3. [10]

    DUNE collaboration, The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report, Volume 3: Dual-Phase Module, 1807.10340

  4. [11]

    Rubbia et al.,Underground operation of the icarus t600 lar-tpc: first results, Journal of Instrumentation 6 (2011) P07011

    C. Rubbia et al.,Underground operation of the icarus t600 lar-tpc: first results, Journal of Instrumentation 6 (2011) P07011

    2011

  5. [12]

    Anderson et al.,The ArgoNeuT Detector in the NuMI Low-Energy beam line at Fermilab, JINST 7 (2012) P10019 [1205.6747]

    C. Anderson et al.,The ArgoNeuT Detector in the NuMI Low-Energy beam line at Fermilab, JINST 7 (2012) P10019 [1205.6747]

    2012 arXiv

  6. [13]

    MicroBooNE collaboration, Design and Construction of the MicroBooNE Detector, JINST 12 (2017) P02017 [1612.05824]

    2017 arXiv

  7. [14]

    MicroBooNE collaboration, Signal Processing in the MicroBooNE LArTPC, 1511.00317

    arXiv

  8. [15]

    Asaadi et al.,First Demonstration of a Pixelated Charge Readout for Single-Phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers, 1801.08884

    J. Asaadi et al.,First Demonstration of a Pixelated Charge Readout for Single-Phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers, 1801.08884

    arXiv

  9. [16]

    G. D. Geronimo et al.,Front-end asic for a liquid argon tpc, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 58 (2011) 1376

    2011

  10. [17]

    LArIATcollaboration, LArIAT: Liquid Argon In A Testbeam, 1406.5560

    arXiv

  11. [18]

    D. A. Dwyer et al.,LArPix: Demonstration of low-power 3D pixelated charge readout for liquid argon time projection chambers, 1808.02969

    arXiv

  12. [19]

    Antonello et al.,Precise 3D track reconstruction algorithm for the ICARUS T600 liquid argon time projection chamber detector, Adv

    M. Antonello et al.,Precise 3D track reconstruction algorithm for the ICARUS T600 liquid argon time projection chamber detector, Adv. High Energy Phys.2013 (2013) 260820 [1210.5089]

    2013 arXiv

  13. [20]

    Scholberg,Supernova Neutrino Detection, Ann

    K. Scholberg,Supernova Neutrino Detection, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.62 (2012) 81 [1205.6003]

    2012 arXiv

  14. [21]

    Super-Kamiokande Collaboration collaboration, Solar neutrino measurements in super-kamiokande-i, Phys. Rev. D73 (2006) 112001. 10

    2006

  15. [22]

    The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration collaboration, First indication of terrestrial matter effects on solar neutrino oscillation, Phys. Rev. Lett.112 (2014) 091805

    2014

  16. [23]

    Maltoni and A

    M. Maltoni and A. Yu. Smirnov,Solar neutrinos and neutrino physics, Eur. Phys. J.A52 (2016) 87 [1507.05287]

    2016 arXiv

  17. [24]

    Nygren and Y

    D. Nygren and Y. Mei,Q-Pix: Pixel-scale Signal Capture for Kiloton Liquid Argon TPC Detectors: Time-to-Charge Waveform Capture, Local Clocks, Dynamic Networks, 1809.10213

    arXiv

  18. [25]

    DUNE collaboration, Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), 1512.06148

  19. [26]

    MicroBooNE collaboration, Liquid Argon Dielectric Breakdown Studies with the MicroBooNE Purification System, JINST 9 (2014) P11001 [1408.0264]

    2014 arXiv

  20. [27]

    Blatter et al.,Experimental study of electric breakdowns in liquid argon at centimeter scale, JINST 9 (2014) P04006 [1401.6693]

    A. Blatter et al.,Experimental study of electric breakdowns in liquid argon at centimeter scale, JINST 9 (2014) P04006 [1401.6693]

    2014 arXiv

  21. [28]

    Ereditato, C

    A. Ereditato, C. C. Hsu, S. Janos, I. Kreslo, M. Messina, C. Rudolf von Rohr et al.,Design and operation of ARGONTUBE: a 5 m long drift liquid argon TPC, JINST 8 (2013) P07002 [1304.6961]

    2013 arXiv

  22. [29]

    Chepel and H

    V. Chepel and H. Araújo,Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics, Journal of Instrumentation 8 (2013) R04001

    2013

  23. [30]

    S. Amerio et al.,Design, construction and tests of the icarus t600 detector, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment527 (2004) 329

    2004

  24. [31]

    HGW 2372 GLASHARTGEWEBE / G10 / EP GC 201, technisches datenblatt, Amsler & Frey AG, 12, 2015

    2015

  25. [32]

    W.-M. Yao, C. Amsler, D. Asner, R. Barnett, J. Beringer, P. Burchat et al.,Review of Particle Physics, Journal of Physics G33 (2006) 1+

    2006

  26. [34]

    Berner, Y

    R. Berner, Y. Chen, A. Ereditato, P. P. Koller, I. Kreslo, D. Lorca et al.,First operation of a resistive shell liquid argon time projection chamber - a new approach to electric-field shaping, 1903.11858

    1903 arXiv

  27. [35]

    Heindl, T

    T. Heindl, T. Dandl, A. Fedenev, M. Hofmann, R. Krücken, L. Oberauer et al.,Table-top setup for investigating the scintillation properties of liquid argon, JINST 6 (2011) P02011 [1511.07720]

    2011 arXiv

  28. [36]

    Auger, Y

    M. Auger, Y. Chen, A. Ereditato, D. Goeldi, I. Kreslo, D. Lorca et al.,ArCLight—A Compact Dielectric Large-Area Photon Detector, Instruments 2 (2018) 3 [1711.11409]

    2018 arXiv

  29. [37]

    Capozzi, S

    F. Capozzi, S. W. Li, G. Zhu and J. F. Beacom,DUNE as the Next-Generation Solar Neutrino Experiment, 1808.08232

    arXiv

  30. [38]

    DUNE collaboration, Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), 1601.05823

    arXiv

  31. [39]

    Zeller, A

    M. Zeller, A. Ereditato, S. Haug, C. Hsu, S. Janos, I. Kreslo et al.,First measurements with ARGONTUBE, a 5 m long drift Liquid Argon TPC, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 718 (2013) 454 . 11

    2013

Pith tools

Reviewed August 14, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.