Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1909.02362.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1909.02362 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.667085Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy13
unresolved14
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation f435f3ae-e02c-481f-8b11-c5c257e9fe08 · outbound

This paper cites Machine Learning at the Wireless Edge: Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent Over-the-Air.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Machine Learning at the Wireless Edge: Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent Over-the-Air

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.533713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 61340324-8770-4753-b992-e15781139920 · outbound

This paper cites Federated Learning via Over-the-Air Computation.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Federated Learning via Over-the-Air Computation

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.538856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0dd970e8-ac2c-4818-90b1-8810f6f83995 · outbound

This paper cites Broadband Analog Aggregation for Low-Latency Federated Edge Learning (Extended Version).

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Broadband Analog Aggregation for Low-Latency Federated Edge Learning (Extended Version)

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.543249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 525b6849-5485-460b-ab11-cf82d53aeb0f · outbound

This paper cites Wireless Network Intelligence at the Edge.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Wireless Network Intelligence at the Edge

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.547730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation efe8cd46-5aae-4a92-adb4-5f3542e37520 · outbound

This paper cites Communication-Efﬁcient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Communication-Efﬁcient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data,

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:06.072825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation e7b1f4ea-c6fa-429f-b602-ef9658dd1d92 · outbound

This paper cites Communicating or computing over the mac: Function-centric wireless networks,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Communicating or computing over the mac: Function-centric wireless networks,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:06.061439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 4cae0939-d0d4-4da4-8f62-b669ad91f477 · outbound

This paper cites Towards an Intelligent Edge: Wireless Communication Meets Machine Learning.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Towards an Intelligent Edge: Wireless Communication Meets Machine Learning

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.570382Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7f3b9990-692f-4bd3-8182-a6b588c2ffcb · outbound

This paper cites Machine Learning in the Air.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Machine Learning in the Air

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.574698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9bfb8cf1-150d-4194-af25-76aec711ffb4 · outbound

This paper cites Wireless Federated Distillation for Distributed Edge Learning with Heterogeneous Data.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Wireless Federated Distillation for Distributed Edge Learning with Heterogeneous Data

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.837004Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c2984305-22ad-405b-a2af-c53edab49688 · outbound

This paper cites Collaborative Machine Learning at the Wireless Edge with Blind Transmitters.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Collaborative Machine Learning at the Wireless Edge with Blind Transmitters

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.822172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a7afba31-e4d7-4222-aa33-3440873b384c · outbound

This paper cites Accelerating DNN Training in Wireless Federated Edge Learning Systems.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Accelerating DNN Training in Wireless Federated Edge Learning Systems

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.806729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 35a8855d-d641-45f2-8a97-86cc8d6797b5 · outbound

This paper cites Federated learning over wireless networks: Optimization model design and analysis,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Federated learning over wireless networks: Optimization model design and analysis,

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:06.049906Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d5c06b22-0650-4eb1-9795-45a65e4c42a5 · outbound

This paper cites Don't Use Large Mini-Batches, Use Local SGD.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Don't Use Large Mini-Batches, Use Local SGD

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.596605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 06ba450a-d9b1-46fc-b5f6-562cfc4cc62e · outbound

This paper cites A Distributed Hierarchical SGD Algorithm with Sparse Global Reduction.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks A Distributed Hierarchical SGD Algorithm with Sparse Global Reduction

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.779422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d102627a-29f2-4003-a682-137e6172e0af · outbound

This paper cites Client-Edge-Cloud Hierarchical Federated Learning.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Client-Edge-Cloud Hierarchical Federated Learning

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.761784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 3d5586b2-7c98-4564-85df-989ead49967e · outbound

This paper cites Variable-rate variable-power mqam for fading channels,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Variable-rate variable-power mqam for fading channels,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:06.038821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0b42a9c0-f368-40ba-96bb-e19e9ddcf203 · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive federated learning in resource constrained edge com- puting systems,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Adaptive federated learning in resource constrained edge com- puting systems,

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:06.027497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 4d7fb1af-f0cc-493c-be91-79e0d5cb485e · outbound

This paper cites Deep gradient compression: Reducing the communication bandwidth for distributed training,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Deep gradient compression: Reducing the communication bandwidth for distributed training,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:06.014503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation f22481db-4590-4022-b863-1d9d9dcd6432 · outbound

This paper cites Communication compression for decentralized training,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Communication compression for decentralized training,

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:06.003054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 5c276468-8392-49e3-b0c9-72944445165c · outbound

This paper cites Robust and Communication-Efficient Federated Learning from Non-IID Data.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Robust and Communication-Efficient Federated Learning from Non-IID Data

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.625347Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 79c643fd-c6cb-40dd-abb3-2786e835936e · outbound

This paper cites Advanced mobile phone service: The cellular con- cept,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Advanced mobile phone service: The cellular con- cept,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.991193Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 9c04a419-06ec-493c-9080-5acc532103cf · outbound

This paper cites Exploring 5g fronthaul network architecture intelligence splits and connectivity,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Exploring 5g fronthaul network architecture intelligence splits and connectivity,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.979341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation ec362d36-5c5a-46de-9a8a-a77039d12c9c · outbound

This paper cites Infso-ict-247733 earth deliverable d 2 . 3 energy efﬁciency analysis of the reference systems , areas of improvements and target breakdown,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Infso-ict-247733 earth deliverable d 2 . 3 energy efﬁciency analysis of the reference systems , areas of improvements and target breakdown,

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.967840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 4d4b5c75-39b2-4026-a0ee-c90a0d383009 · outbound

This paper cites Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images,

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.639983Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2cf8161-b0da-4840-b374-ce0c8620b28a · outbound

This paper cites Deep residual learning for image recognition,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Deep residual learning for image recognition,

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.948752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 892d811d-a624-4578-850d-e02fd26da67f · outbound

This paper cites Hierarchical FL,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Hierarchical FL,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.936479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 997968ca-1c59-46bf-87b8-d03a9a7730c2 · outbound

This paper cites Accurate, Large Minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 Hour.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Accurate, Large Minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 Hour

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.651361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 02fb08bd-1788-423a-a92a-0688671ce61e · outbound

This paper cites On the linear speedup analysis of communication efﬁcient momentum SGD for distributed non-convex optimization,.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks On the linear speedup analysis of communication efﬁcient momentum SGD for distributed non-convex optimization,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.924913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a3bbf670-2ced-4eb6-92ff-e436a5675ead · outbound

This paper cites Federated Learning with Non-IID Data.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Federated Learning with Non-IID Data

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.659213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc643394-e5f7-4770-b443-10d5148582c7 · outbound

This paper cites Communication-Efficient On-Device Machine Learning: Federated Distillation and Augmentation under Non-IID Private Data.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Communication-Efficient On-Device Machine Learning: Federated Distillation and Augmentation under Non-IID Private Data

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.663105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2bbfaf5f-74a5-459c-ab6c-7c86849227a2 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring the Effects of Data Parallelism on Neural Network Training.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Measuring the Effects of Data Parallelism on Neural Network Training

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.667085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c51afc2-1a20-4b7c-a4f0-e1544a64f36a · outbound

This paper cites Towards Federated Learning at Scale: System Design.

Hierarchical Federated Learning Across Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Towards Federated Learning at Scale: System Design

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:00:05.562378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.