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Free Energy from Replica Wormholes

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arxiv 2007.07444 v3 pith:XLQSBOEK submitted 2020-07-15 hep-th gr-qc

classification hep-thgr-qc
keywords replicaenergyfreewormholesconnecteddisconnectedensemblegravity
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Euclidean wormholes -- geometries which connect disconnected boundaries -- present a challenge to a standard quantum mechanical interpretation of the theory. One potential resolution is that the gravitational path integral computes the ensemble average of many theories. The connected topologies contribute to the simplest possible observable: the free energy, which is computed using a replica trick. This is distinct from the replica trick used to compute entanglement entropies, and appears in the computation of any extensive quantity. We argue that both JT gravity and a simplified version of CGHS admit a regime where the contribution of connected replica wormholes to the free energy is larger than that of disconnected topologies. In both theories we find evidence of replica symmetry breaking, which is reminiscent of the behavior of certain spin glasses. We discuss possible insights about ensemble averaging in gravity from this perspective.

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Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Evaporating Black Hole Interior and Complexity Evolution

    hep-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    In JT gravity with an end-of-the-world brane, the renormalized interior length — read as subsystem complexity — grows linearly, peaks around the Page time, and then decays exponentially, with growing relative fluctuat...

  2. A single geometry from an all-genus expansion in quantum gravity

    hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The all-genus JT gravity path integral at beta ~ e^{2S0/3} is reproduced at leading order by a disk path integral with a cubic, nonlocal dilaton interaction.

  3. Falling through the horizon of a quantum black hole

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    Gravitational dressing in JT gravity lets an infalling Unruh-DeWitt detector detect the horizon location and temperature locally, violating the equivalence principle without a firewall.

  4. Analog model for Euclidean wormholes: Bose-Einstein condensate with dirty surfaces

    gr-qc 2024-12 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    Random surface fields in a Bose-Einstein condensate are claimed to generate non-local effective interactions that mimic Euclidean wormholes, with a disorder-induced Casimir pressure as the leading consequence.

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