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Free Energy from Replica Wormholes
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Euclidean wormholes -- geometries which connect disconnected boundaries -- present a challenge to a standard quantum mechanical interpretation of the theory. One potential resolution is that the gravitational path integral computes the ensemble average of many theories. The connected topologies contribute to the simplest possible observable: the free energy, which is computed using a replica trick. This is distinct from the replica trick used to compute entanglement entropies, and appears in the computation of any extensive quantity. We argue that both JT gravity and a simplified version of CGHS admit a regime where the contribution of connected replica wormholes to the free energy is larger than that of disconnected topologies. In both theories we find evidence of replica symmetry breaking, which is reminiscent of the behavior of certain spin glasses. We discuss possible insights about ensemble averaging in gravity from this perspective.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Evaporating Black Hole Interior and Complexity Evolution
In JT gravity with an end-of-the-world brane, the renormalized interior length — read as subsystem complexity — grows linearly, peaks around the Page time, and then decays exponentially, with growing relative fluctuat...
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A single geometry from an all-genus expansion in quantum gravity
The all-genus JT gravity path integral at beta ~ e^{2S0/3} is reproduced at leading order by a disk path integral with a cubic, nonlocal dilaton interaction.
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Falling through the horizon of a quantum black hole
Gravitational dressing in JT gravity lets an infalling Unruh-DeWitt detector detect the horizon location and temperature locally, violating the equivalence principle without a firewall.
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Analog model for Euclidean wormholes: Bose-Einstein condensate with dirty surfaces
Random surface fields in a Bose-Einstein condensate are claimed to generate non-local effective interactions that mimic Euclidean wormholes, with a disorder-induced Casimir pressure as the leading consequence.
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