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Blue-tilted inflationary tensor spectrum and reheating in the light of NANOGrav results

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arxiv 2011.03323 v2 pith:EPCPTJAG submitted 2020-11-06 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-ph

classification astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
keywords nanogravreheatingspectrumigwssignalupperbackgroundblue-tilted
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We discuss the possibility of explaining the recent NANOGrav results by inflationary gravitational waves (IGWs) with a blue-tilted primordial spectrum. Although such IGWs can account for the NANOGrav signal without contradicting the upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio at the cosmic microwave background scale, the predicted spectrum is in strong tension with the upper bound on the amplitude of the stochastic gravitational wave background by big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the second LIGO-Virgo observation run. However, the thermal history of the Universe, such as reheating and late-time entropy production, affects the spectral shape of IGWs at high frequencies and permits evading the upper bounds. We show that, for the standard reheating scenario, when the reheating temperature is relatively low, a blue tensor spectrum can explain the recent NANOGrav signal without contradicting the BBN and the LIGO-Virgo constraints. We further find that, when one considers a late-time entropy production, the NANOGrav signal can be explained even for an instant reheating scenario.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Lorentz Violation with Gravitational Waves: Constraints from NANOGrav and IPTA Data

    astro-ph.CO 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Using NANOGrav 15-year and IPTA second data release, this paper sets a 68% confidence lower bound of 10^-19 GeV on the Lorentz-violating scale M_LV in a modified gravity model.

  2. Impact of memory-burdened black holes on primordial gravitational waves in light of Pulsar Timing Array

    astro-ph.CO 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Memory-burdened primordial black holes can explain pulsar timing array data as diluted blue-tilted gravitational waves and leave a testable high-frequency signal.

  3. Primordial Gravitational Waves as Complementary Probe of Dark Matter Indirect Detection

    hep-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper forecasts that future gravitational wave observatories could infer dark matter mass and annihilation cross-section from early matter-domination suppressions in the inflationary gravitational wave spectrum, c...

  4. Inflationary Gravitational Waves and Laboratory Searches as Complementary Probes of Right-handed Neutrinos

    hep-ph 2025-04 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A period of early matter domination by GeV-scale right-handed neutrinos would suppress inflationary gravitational waves, and future detectors could probe this effect in regions also accessible to laboratory searches f...

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