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Quantum simulation of non-equilibrium dynamics and thermalization in the Schwinger model

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arxiv 2106.08394 v4 pith:SKYRTEUD submitted 2021-06-15 quant-ph hep-lathep-phnucl-th

Wibe A. de Jong , Kyle Lee , James Mulligan , Mateusz P{l}oskoń , Felix Ringer , Xiaojun Yao This is my paper · ORCID
classification quant-phhep-lathep-phnucl-th
keywords quantumdynamicsmodelschwingerthermalfieldequationnon-equilibrium
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We present simulations of non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum field theories on digital quantum computers. As a representative example, we consider the Schwinger model, a 1+1 dimensional U(1) gauge theory, coupled through a Yukawa-type interaction to a thermal environment described by a scalar field theory. We use the Hamiltonian formulation of the Schwinger model discretized on a spatial lattice. With the thermal scalar fields traced out, the Schwinger model can be treated as an open quantum system and its real-time dynamics are governed by a Lindblad equation in the Markovian limit. The interaction with the environment ultimately drives the system to thermal equilibrium. In the quantum Brownian motion limit, the Lindblad equation is related to a field theoretical Caldeira-Leggett equation. By using the Stinespring dilation theorem with ancillary qubits, we perform studies of both the non-equilibrium dynamics and the preparation of a thermal state in the Schwinger model using IBM's simulator and quantum devices. The real-time dynamics of field theories as open quantum systems and the thermal state preparation studied here are relevant for a variety of applications in nuclear and particle physics, quantum information and cosmology.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

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  1. Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers

    hep-lat 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Quantum hardware simulation of SU(2) lattice gauge thermalization matches classical extrapolations up to 101 plaquettes after error mitigation, establishing feasibility for chaotic quantum field systems.

  2. Eigenstate Thermalization in 1+1-Dimensional SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory Coupled with Dynamical Fermions

    hep-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Exact diagonalization shows 1+1D SU(2) lattice gauge theory with dynamical fermions satisfies ETH, including for non-local string operators that display a memory peak.

  3. Critical behavior of the Schwinger model via gauge-invariant VUMPS

    hep-lat 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The gauge-invariant VUMPS algorithm determines the continuum critical mass of the Schwinger model as (m/g)c = 0.333556(5) and produces data collapse consistent with Ising critical exponents.

  4. Quantum thermalization of Quark-Gluon Plasma

    hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In a 1+1D Schwinger model, strong-coupling quark Wigner functions thermalize to quantum statistical averages, while weak-coupling scalar and axial components do not because of many-body scars, and the θ-vacuum angle c...

  5. Quantum computing of chirality imbalance in SU(2) gauge theory

    hep-ph 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A variational quantum algorithm with Monte Carlo sampling reproduces the exact thermal chiral condensate in 1+1D SU(2) gauge theory on 8 to 12 qubits and on IBM hardware.

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