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Thermalization of Gauge Theories from their Entanglement Spectrum

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arxiv 2107.11416 v2 pith:XF5IWRFO submitted 2021-07-23 quant-ph hep-lathep-ph

classification quant-phhep-lathep-ph
keywords entanglementgaugemathbftheoriestheorythermalizationtimesalong
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Using dual theories embedded into a larger unphysical Hilbert space along entanglement cuts, we study the Entanglement Structure of $\mathbf{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory in $(2+1)$ spacetime dimensions. We demonstrate Li and Haldane's conjecture, and show consistency of the Entanglement Hamiltonian with the Bisognano-Wichmann theorem. Studying non-equilibrium dynamics after a quench, we provide an extensive description of thermalization in $\mathbf{Z}_2$ gauge theory which proceeds in a characteristic sequence: Maximization of the Schmidt rank and spreading of level repulsion at early times, self-similar evolution with scaling coefficients $\alpha = 0.8 \pm 0.2$ and $ \beta = 0.0 \pm 0.1$ at intermediate times, and finally thermal saturation of the von Neumann entropy.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers

    hep-lat 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Quantum hardware simulation of SU(2) lattice gauge thermalization matches classical extrapolations up to 101 plaquettes after error mitigation, establishing feasibility for chaotic quantum field systems.

  2. Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis with projective representation

    hep-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For systems with projective symmetry representations, the paper proposes a modified ETH and shows that charged operators with symmetry-supplied charges thermalize to a generalized Gibbs ensemble, not the ordinary Gibb...

  3. Few is different: deciphering many-body dynamics in mesoscopic quantum gases

    cond-mat.quant-gas 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

    A workshop report mapping the size, equilibrium, and interaction frontiers of hydrodynamic behavior in mesoscopic quantum systems, connecting few-atom Fermi gases and high-energy small collision systems.

  4. Thermalization from quantum entanglement: jet simulations in the massive Schwinger model

    hep-ph 2025-06

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