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Extreme Precision Radial Velocity Working Group Final Report
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Precise mass measurements of exoplanets discovered by the direct imaging or transit technique are required to determine planet bulk properties and potential habitability. Furthermore, it is generally acknowledged that, for the foreseeable future, the Extreme Precision Radial Velocity (EPRV) measurement technique is the only method potentially capable of detecting and measuring the masses and orbits of habitable-zone Earths orbiting nearby F, G, and K spectral-type stars from the ground. In particular, EPRV measurements with a precision of better than approximately 10 cm/s (with a few cm/s stability over many years) are required. Unfortunately, for nearly a decade, PRV instruments and surveys have been unable to routinely reach RV accuracies of less than roughly 1 m/s. Making EPRV science and technology development a critical component of both NASA and NSF program plans is crucial for reaching the goal of detecting potentially habitable Earthlike planets and supporting potential future exoplanet direct imaging missions such as the Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) or the Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR). In recognition of these facts, the 2018 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Exoplanet Science Strategy (ESS) report recommended the development of EPRV measurements as a critical step toward the detection and characterization of habitable, Earth-analog planets. In response to the NAS-ESS recommendation, NASA and NSF commissioned the EPRV Working Group to recommend a ground-based program architecture and implementation plan to achieve the goal intended by the NAS. This report documents the activities, findings, and recommendations of the EPRV Working Group.
Forward citations
Cited by 13 Pith papers
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Measuring the Suns radial velocity variability due to supergranulation over a magnetic cycle
Using eight years of HARPS-N Sun-as-a-star radial velocities, the authors measure a clear variation in the supergranulation timescale over the solar cycle, strongly anti-correlated with the sunspot number.
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MiraSOL: a DMD-based spectrograph for resolved solar spectroscopy
MiraSOL's DMD-based prototype demonstrates full-disk solar imaging and dynamic spatial masking, and reveals a 60 Hz flicker from the evaluation board electronics.
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The Fe I 4377 {\AA} Line as a Solar Faculae Indicator: Insights from Spectral Ratio Analysis
Spectral ratio analysis of the Fe I 4377 Å line in HARPS-N Sun-as-a-star spectra recovers facular filling factors that track SDO/HMI measurements (Pearson R = 0.587–0.927).
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Spectral Ratio Analysis: probing of a new suite of stellar activity indicators as a tool for astrophysical noise mitigation
SRA-derived photospheric activity indicators track stellar RV variability up to a factor of two better than classical proxies like logR'HK across 14 G/K stars.
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The Limits of Line Broadening: Modeling Stellar Spectra and Formation Temperatures at High Resolution
Convolution-based broadening of stellar spectra produces few-percent errors at high resolution, and formation-temperature maps that use the disk-center intensity instead of the flux contribution function are biased ho...
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Astrometric Accelerations of Provisional Targets for the Habitable Worlds Observatory
Using Hipparcos-Gaia astrometry, 54 of 156 provisional HWO target stars show acceleration from hidden companions, 37 are explained by known companions, and 17 need follow-up.
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Effects of planetary mass uncertainties on the interpretation of the reflectance spectra of Earth-like exoplanets
Reflected-light retrievals of cloudy Earth-like exoplanets misidentify the background gas unless the planet's mass is known to roughly 10% precision.
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Characterizing the oxidation state of rocky exoplanets with the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE)
LIFE baseline mid-IR observations of Earth-sized planets at 10 pc can retrieve CO2, CH4, and NH3 well enough to distinguish mantle redox states from IW-6 to IW+6 under the paper's modeling assumptions.
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Investigating the differential limb coupling effect for diffraction-limited spectrographs with PARVI
An X-scan observing campaign with PARVI was designed and executed to measure DLC-induced RVs, but systematic template-matching slopes leave the DLC detection unresolved.
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HEP digital micromirror devices for precision solar spectroscopy
Benchtop tests show the HEP DMD can act as a stable spatial mask, recovering synthetic exoplanet transit signals as shallow as 40 ppm.
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An updated catalog of HIRES/Keck radial velocity measurements. Including Ca II H&K measurements
An extended public HIRES/Keck RV catalog now includes Ca II H&K activity measurements for about 40% of its spectra.
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The NEID Earth Twin Survey. III. Survey Performance After Three Years on Sky
After three years, the NEID survey independently detects 10 of 12 known short-period planets and identifies new candidate RV signals, showing sensitivity is limited by time baseline, not precision.
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Searching for Habitable Exoplanets with Relative Astrometry (SHERA). I. The Case for Searching for Planets in Binary Star Systems
SHERA is a proposed Small Explorer astrometry mission that could detect rocky habitable-zone planets around 14 nearby Sun-like stars in binary systems using microarcsecond relative astrometry.
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