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Bound-state effects on dark matter coannihilation: Pushing the boundaries of conversion-driven freeze-out

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arxiv 2112.01499 v3 pith:CIVAVUTM submitted 2021-12-02 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords freeze-outbound-statedarkmatterconversion-drivenformationstatesarbitrary
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Bound-state formation can have a large impact on the dynamics of dark matter freeze-out in the early Universe, in particular for colored coannihilators. We present a general formalism to include an arbitrary number of excited bound states in terms of an effective annihilation cross section, taking bound-state formation, decay and transitions into account, and derive analytic approximations in the limiting cases of no or efficient transitions. Furthermore, we provide explicit expressions for radiative bound-state formation rates for states with arbitrary principal and angular quantum numbers $n,\ell$ for a mediator in the fundamental representation of $SU(3)_c$, as well as electromagnetic transition rates among them in the Coulomb approximation. We then assess the impact of bound states within a model with Majorana dark matter and a colored scalar $t$-channel mediator. We consider the regime of coannihilation as well as conversion-driven freeze-out (or coscattering), where the relic abundance is set by the freeze-out of conversion processes. We find that the region in parameter space where the latter occurs is considerably enhanced into the multi-TeV regime. For conversion-driven freeze-out, dark matter is very weakly coupled, evading direct and indirect detection constraints but leading to prominent signatures of long-lived particles that provide great prospects to be probed by dedicated searches at the upcoming LHC runs.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: Debye mass effects

    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Debye mass resummation reduces bound-state dark matter depletion by up to a factor of two relative to fixed-order NLO, changing relic abundance predictions by a few percent.

  2. Conversion-Driven Baryogenesis in Flavored Dark Matter Models

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Quark-philic flavored dark matter realizes conversion-driven baryogenesis via CP-violating mediator conversions, yielding viable DM masses up to ~1.2 TeV and long-lived-particle LHC signatures.

  3. Minimal Dark Matter: Generalized Framework and Direct-Detection Sensitivity

    hep-ph 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For Higgs-coupled minimal dark matter, the 3M2D, 5M4D, and 7M6D combinations can have direct-detection cross sections below the neutrino floor, so next-generation direct detection cannot fully exclude the model.

  4. Coscattering Dark Matter in the Inverse Scotogenic Models

    hep-ph 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In the inverse scotogenic model, nearly degenerate Z2-odd scalars φ1 and φ2 produce the observed dark matter relic density via coscattering through either the Higgs portal or Yukawa portal, with long-lived φ2 decays g...

  5. Connecting $t$-channel Dark Matter Models to the Standard Model Effective Field Theory

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    One-loop SMEFT Wilson coefficients for leptophilic t-channel dark matter, combined with global fits, exclude large coupling regions, especially C_ell_ell for doublet mediators and C_ed above 3 TeV.

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