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Inferring the Intermediate Mass Black Hole Number Density from Gravitational Wave Lensing Statistics

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arxiv 2201.01817 v2 pith:FG4BWBZE submitted 2022-01-05 gr-qc

Joseph Gais , Ken Ng , Eungwang Seo , Kaze W.K. Wong , Tjonnie G. F. Li This is my paper · ORCID
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keywords blackgravitationalholesmassdensityinjectedintermediatemathrm
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abstract

The population properties of intermediate mass black holes remain largely unknown, and understanding their distribution could provide a missing link in the formation of supermassive black holes and galaxies. Gravitational wave observations can help fill in the gap from stellar mass black holes to supermassive black holes. In our work, we propose a new method for probing lens populations through lensing statistics of gravitational waves, here focusing on inferring the number density of intermediate mass black holes. Using hierarchical Bayesian inference of injected lensed gravitational waves, we find that existing gravitational wave observatories at design sensitivity could either identify an injected number density of $10^6 \mathrm{Mpc}^{-3}$ or place an upper bound of $\lesssim 10^4 \mathrm{Mpc}^{-3}$ for an injected $10^3 \mathrm{Mpc}^{-3}$. More broadly, our method could be applied to probe other forms of compact matter as well.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Probability of gravitational-wave lensing by intermediate-mass black holes and globular clusters

    astro-ph.CO 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The rate of compound gravitational-wave lensing by intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters is at most about 10^-3 of galaxy-scale lensed events, disfavoring GW231123 as such an event.

  2. Identifying lensed gravitational waves with physics-informed posterior learning

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Fusing a simulation-trained common-source mass posterior with waveform features raises lensed-event detection efficiency from 20.8% to 35.2% at 1% false-positive rate and lowers the SNR for 50% efficiency from 45.3 to 33.5.

  3. Across the Universe: GW231123 as a magnified and diffracted black hole merger

    astro-ph.GA 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    GW231123's extreme mass and spins may be explained by a point-mass microlens embedded in a galaxy, reducing the inferred source mass to about 100-180 solar masses.

  4. Discovering gravitational waveform distortions from lensing: A deep dive into GW231123

    gr-qc 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    GW231123's apparent gravitational-lensing signal has a false-alarm probability around 4σ, so the event cannot be claimed as lensed under the two-image wave-optics model.

  5. Parameter estimation of microlensed gravitational waves with Conditional Variational Autoencoders

    gr-qc 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A conditional variational autoencoder trained on simulated microlensed binary black hole signals estimates lens mass and source offset with well-calibrated posteriors, runs about 10,000 times faster than Bilby, and cu...

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