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Probing Parity-Violation with the Four-Point Correlation Function of BOSS Galaxies
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abstract
Parity-violating physics in the early Universe can leave detectable traces in late-time observables. Whilst vector- and tensor-type parity-violation can be observed in the $B$-modes of the cosmic microwave background, scalar-type signatures are visible only in the four-point correlation function (4PCF) and beyond. This work presents a blind test for parity-violation in the 4PCF of the BOSS CMASS sample, considering galaxy separations in the range $[20,160]h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}$. The parity-odd 4PCF contains no contributions from standard $\Lambda$CDM physics and can be efficiently measured using recently developed estimators. Data are analyzed using both a non-parametric rank test (comparing the BOSS 4PCFs to those of realistic simulations) and a compressed $\chi^2$ analysis, with the former avoiding the assumption of a Gaussian likelihood. These find similar results, with the rank test giving a detection probability of $99.6\%$ ($2.9\sigma$). This provides significant evidence for parity-violation, either from cosmological sources or systematics. We perform a number of systematic tests: although these do not reveal any observational artefacts, we cannot exclude the possibility that our detection is caused by the simulations not faithfully representing the statistical properties of the BOSS data. Our measurements can be used to constrain physical models of parity-violation. As an example, we consider a coupling between the inflaton and a $U(1)$ gauge field and place bounds on the latter's energy density, which are several orders of magnitude stronger than those previously reported. Upcoming probes such as DESI and Euclid will reveal whether our detection of parity-violation is due to new physics, and strengthen the bounds on a variety of models.
Forward citations
Cited by 10 Pith papers
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Searching for Inflationary Physics with the CMB Trispectrum: 1. Primordial Theory & Optimal Estimators
A set of quasi-optimal CMB trispectrum estimators is derived for local, EFT, direction-dependent, spinning-particle, point-source, and lensing templates, enabling first collider searches.
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Probing Parity Violation with Weak Lensing Trispectrum
A parity-odd weak lensing convergence trispectrum is derived and forecast to be detectable with DES Y3/LSST Y10-like surveys under optimistic template amplitudes.
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Gravitational Wave Birefringence in generalized Palatini Chern Simons
Palatini f(R)+Chern–Simons gravity predicts amplitude and velocity birefringence in GW propagation, with the effect controlled by f_R and, under de-Sitter approximations, growing polynomially with redshift.
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Circularly polarized gravitational waves from parity-violating scalar-tensor theory
In the "Qi-Xiu" parity-violating scalar-tensor theory, the L3 and L4 interactions leave linear gravitational-wave propagation GR-like but still generate circularly polarized scalar-induced gravitational waves.
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Parity-odd Four-Point Correlation Function from DESI Data Release 1 Luminous Red Galaxy Sample
The parity-odd four-point correlation function measured in DESI DR1 LRGs is consistent with zero after correcting for survey-induced covariance mismatches.
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Measurement of Parity-Violating Modes of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Year 1 Luminous Red Galaxies' 4-Point Correlation Function
DESI's first parity-violation search shows a strong auto-correlation signal that disappears when the sky is split into patches, pointing to underestimated mocks' variance rather than new physics.
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Twisted echoes of an odd quartet: Scalar-induced gravitational waves as a probe of primordial parity-violation
A parity-odd primordial trispectrum imprints measurable left-right asymmetry in scalar-induced gravitational waves, and the chirality ratio directly tracks the parity-odd to parity-even trispectrum amplitude ratio.
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CMB Lensing Trispectrum as a Probe of Parity Violation in LSS
The CMB lensing trispectrum is sensitive to parity violation in large-scale structure, and a parity-odd toy model predicts a detectable signal in idealized noiseless forecasts.
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Searching for Inflationary Physics with the CMB Trispectrum: 3. Constraints from Planck
A comprehensive Planck PR4 trispectrum analysis finds no primordial non-Gaussianity across 33 templates and sets leading constraints, including tau_NL loc < 1500 at 95% CL.
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Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity and parity-violation through Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves with next-generation ground-based interferometers
ET+CE forecast: injected SIGW parameters (A_p, f_peak, f_NL, tau_NL, parity-odd tau_tilde_NL) are recovered within 1-2 sigma despite an astrophysical foreground, but the chiral V-mode is sub-threshold (SNR 0.5-1.9).
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