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Quasiparticle spectroscopy, transport, and magnetic properties of Nb films used in superconducting transmon qubits
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abstract
Niobium thin films on silicon substrate used in the fabrication of superconducting qubits have been characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electrical transport, magnetization, quasiparticle spectroscopy, and real-space real-time magneto-optical imaging. We study niobium films to provide an example of a comprehensive analytical set that may benefit superconducting circuits such as those used in quantum computers. The films show outstanding superconducting transition temperature of $T_{c}=9.35$ K and a fairly clean superconducting gap, along with superfluid density enhanced at intermediate temperatures. These observations are consistent with the recent theory of anisotropic strong-coupling superconductivity in Nb. However, the response to the magnetic field is complicated, exhibiting significantly irreversible behavior and insufficient heat conductance leading to thermo-magnetic instabilities. These may present an issue for further improvement of transmon quantum coherence. Possible mitigation strategies are discussed.
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Cited by 1 Pith paper
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Discovery of Niobium Hydride Precipitates in Superconducting Qubits
Niobium hydride precipitates were detected in the Nb films of Rigetti superconducting qubit chips, implicating them as a new decoherence source.
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