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Suppression of quasiparticle poisoning in transmon qubits by gap engineering
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abstract
The performance of various superconducting devices operating at ultra-low temperatures is impaired by the presence of non-equilibrium quasiparticles. Inelastic quasiparticle (QP) tunneling across Josephson junctions in superconducting qubits results in decoherence and spurious excitations and, notably, can trigger correlated errors that severely impede quantum error correction. In this work, we use "gap engineering" to suppress the tunneling of low-energy quasiparticles in Al-based transmon qubits, a leading building block for superconducting quantum processors. By implementing potential barriers for QP, we strongly suppress QP tunneling across the junction and preserve charge parity for over $10^3$ seconds. The suppression of QP tunneling also results in a reduction in the qubit energy relaxation rates. The demonstrated approach to gap engineering can be easily implemented in all Al-based circuits with Josephson junctions.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Correlated Error Bursts in a Gap-Engineered Superconducting Qubit Array
Gap-engineered superconducting qubits still suffer radiation-induced correlated phase errors from quasiparticle frequency shifts lasting ~1 ms, and these errors can degrade quantum error correction.
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Quasiparticle-induced decoherence of a driven superconducting qubit
Drive photons can re-enable quasiparticle-induced errors in gap-engineered transmons, and multi-photon absorption can create fresh quasiparticles that also corrupt the qubit.
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Charge sensitivity in the transmon regime
Charge-parity flips from quasiparticle tunneling measurably limit transmon dephasing at EJ/EC~50, and post-selecting steady-parity Ramsey shots recovers longer T2*.
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Quasiparticle Dynamics in NbN Superconducting Microwave Resonators at Single Photon Regime
NbN superconducting microwave resonators show a temperature-independent quasiparticle density of about 50 per cubic micrometer at millikelvin temperatures, indicating non-equilibrium quasiparticles as a decoherence source.
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