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Prediction of the bubble wall velocity for a large jump in degrees of freedom

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arxiv 2312.09964 v2 pith:OF54G4R7 submitted 2023-12-15 hep-ph astro-ph.COhep-th

Mikel Sanchez-Garitaonandia , Jorinde van de Vis This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th
keywords wallvelocityphasetransitionsfindbubblecoupledfeatures
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The bubble expansion velocity is an important parameter in the prediction of gravitational waves from first order phase transitions. This parameter is difficult to compute, especially in phase transitions in strongly coupled theories. In this work, we present a method to estimate the wall velocity for phase transitions with a large enthalpy jump, valid for weakly and strongly coupled theories. We find that detonations are disfavored in this limit, but wall velocities are not necessarily small. We also investigate the effect of two other features in the equation of state: non-conformal sound speeds and a limited range of temperatures for which the phases exist. We find that the former can increase the wall velocity for a given nucleation temperature, and the latter can restrict the wall velocities to small values. To test our approach, we use holographic phase transitions, which typically display these three features. We find excellent agreement with numerically obtained values of the wall velocity. We also demonstrate that the implications for gravitational waves can be significant.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Non-conformal obstructions to bubble expansion

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Non-conformal equations of state introduce wall and flow obstructions that delete entire classes of bubble solutions and create 'shocked detonations', shrinking the allowed wall-velocity space and suppressing gravitat...

  2. Domain Walls From Confining Bubbles: $SU(N_{c})$ Yang Mills at Finite $\theta$

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A nonzero theta angle weakens supercooling in SU(Nc) Yang-Mills confinement and makes any resulting domain-wall gravitational-wave signal invisible except under severe fine-tuning.

  3. Gravitational Waves from Confinement in $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills Theory

    hep-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For pure SU(N) Yang-Mills dark sectors, confinement transitions produce gravitational waves too weak for LISA, ET, CE, DECIGO or BBO, with peak amplitude at N≈20 and a large-N decay h²Ω_peak ∝ N^{-14/3}.

  4. Bubble dynamics in a QCD-like phase diagram

    hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Holographic simulations show supercooled bubble walls in a QCD-like fluid reach at most about 0.13 times light speed, while superheated walls reach only about 0.03.

  5. Populating dark sectors with relativistic bubble walls

    hep-ph 2024-12 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    Relativistic bubble walls can pair-produce dark matter much heavier than the phase transition scale, which then free-streams as warm dark matter.

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