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Quantum entanglement and Bell inequality violation at colliders
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abstract
The study of entanglement in particle physics has been gathering pace in the past few years. It is a new field that is providing important results about the possibility of detecting entanglement and testing Bell inequality at colliders for final states as diverse as top-quark, $\tau$-lepton pairs and $\Lambda$-baryons, massive gauge bosons and vector mesons. In this review, after presenting definitions, tools and basic results that are necessary for understanding these developments, we summarize the main findings -- as published by the beginning of year 2024 -- including analyses of experimental data in $B$ meson decays and top-quark pair production. We include a detailed discussion of the results for both qubit and qutrits systems, that is, final states containing spin one-half and spin one particles. Entanglement has also been proposed as a new tool to constrain new particles and fields beyond the Standard Model and we introduce the reader to this promising feature as well.
Forward citations
Cited by 15 Pith papers
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Quantum Tomography of Top Quarks as a Probe of Charge-Parity Violation
Combining the full 15-parameter spin-state (quantum tomography) data on top-quark pairs with a complete one-loop calculation bounds the CP-violating part of the top-Higgs coupling at a level comparable to dedicated tt...
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Qubit-qubit-qutrit quantum correlations in $H \to f \bar f V$
In h→τ^-τ^+ Z decays, the spin state is genuinely qubit-qubit-qutrit entangled almost everywhere, violates Bell inequalities throughout, and carries up to 1.95 bits of non-local magic.
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Magic without a phase: phase-independent stabilizer R\'enyi entropy in gluon scattering
A phase-averaged stabilizer Rényi entropy is introduced for tree-level gluon scattering, with color-independent phase-independent magic that is larger in 3→2 than 2→2 and has a soft-limit lower bound in 2→3.
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Physical probability in the Everett interpretation and Bell inequalities
Bell inequality violations are argued to imply non-unique remote outcomes—hence many worlds—once physical probability is defined by counting quantum microstates.
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High Energy Photon Polarimetry at Lepton Colliders: Quantum Information from Converted Photons
Converted photons in Belle II enable high-significance measurements of Bell nonlocality, discord, concurrence, magic and steerability for macroscopically separated GeV diphotons, provided opening-angle resolution reac...
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Hadron Structure from the Hierarchy of Quantum Correlations in Deep-Inelastic Scattering
Quantum-information measures of the DIS final electron-quark state are shown to be sensitive to transversity PDFs and can discriminate between different tensor-charge extractions.
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Experimental prospects for quantum decoherence measurements at colliders
Hard final-state radiation measurably destroys the spin entanglement of fermion-antifermion pairs, and the effect should already be visible in LHC ttbar+jet and Belle II tau+tau-gamma data.
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Quantum Tomography and Entanglement in Semi-Leptonic $h\to VV^*$ Decays at Higher Orders
Semi-leptonic h→VV* decays retain an effective two-qutrit quantum description under NLO QCD and electroweak corrections, unlike the fully leptonic h→4ℓ channel.
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Extracting a Toponium Signal at the LHC with Spin and Quantum Information Tools
Spin and quantum-information observables add only marginal statistical power beyond kinematic variables for isolating toponium in near-threshold top-pair events, but improve interpretability.
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Experimental characterization of the hierarchy of quantum correlations in top quark pairs
LHC top-quark data show quantum discord at >5σ, first evidence for steering at >3σ, no Bell correlations, and nonzero magic.
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Parameter Inference from Final-State Entanglement in Higgs Decays
With a spin/color-weighted entanglement entropy built from Higgs branching ratios, the Standard Model Higgs and W masses sit near the global maximum, and the preferred coupling ratio is SM-like.
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Spin versus Magic: Lessons from Gluon and Graviton Scattering
For 2 to 2 scattering of massless spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, the averaged generated magic decreases monotonically with spin, with maxima well below the two-qubit upper bound.
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Manipulating Bell nonlocality and entanglement in polarized electron-positron annihilation
Polarized lepton beams can tune hyperon-antihyperon entanglement and Bell nonlocality, with transverse polarization capable of producing maximally entangled pairs.
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Parton spin correlations and $\mathcal{CP}$ properties in Higgs boson decay at future lepton colliders
In H→gg at a 240 GeV e+e− collider, the four-point energy-energy correlator with energy weight n=4 gives the strongest sensitivity to gluon spin correlations and, assuming perfect splitting-mode identification in the ...
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Testing spooky action between free-traveling electron-positron pairs
Simulations show that Bhabha scattering can produce electron-positron pairs with near-maximal entanglement, and a two-target secondary-scattering scheme could in principle measure their spin correlations.
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