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First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and {\it Herschel}-SPIRE Observations
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abstract
We report results from an analysis aimed at detecting the trispectrum of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich (kSZ) effect by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and {\it Herschel}-SPIRE experiments over a 100 ${\rm deg}^{2}$ field. The SPT observations combine data from the previous and current surveys, namely SPTpol and SPT-3G, to achieve depths of 4.5, 3, and 16 $\mu {\rm K-arcmin}$ in bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. For SPIRE, we include data from the 600 and 857 GHz bands. We reconstruct the velocity-induced large-scale correlation of the small-scale kSZ signal with a quadratic estimator that uses two cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps, constructed by optimally combining data from all the frequency bands. We reject the null hypothesis of a zero trispectrum at $10.3\sigma$ level. However, the measured trispectrum contains contributions from both the kSZ and other undesired components, such as CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds, with kSZ being sub-dominant. We use the \textsc{Agora} simulations to estimate the expected signal from CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds. After accounting for the contributions from CMB lensing and foreground signals, we do not detect an excess kSZ-only trispectrum and use this non-detection to set constraints on reionization. By applying a prior based on observations of the Gunn-Peterson trough, we obtain an upper limit on the duration of reionization of $\Delta z_{\rm re, 50} < 4.5$ (95\% C.L). We find these constraints are fairly robust to foregrounds assumptions. This trispectrum measurement is independent of, but consistent with, {\it Planck}'s optical depth measurement. This result is the first constraint on the epoch of reionization using the non-Gaussian nature of the kSZ signal.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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Characterising the epoch of reionisation using the cross-correlation of the kSZ effect and CMB lensing
The kSZ-squared field cross-correlated with CMB lensing is a new observable that, in simulations, is sensitive to the duration and midpoint of reionisation and could be detected by a CMB-HD-like experiment.
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SPT-3G D1: A Measurement of Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Power
SPT-3G's 2019–2020 spectra at ell=1700–11000 give D_tSZ=4.91±0.37 μK^2 and D_kSZ=1.75±0.86 μK^2 at ell=3000 (free-CIB model) and a 95% limit Δz_re<3.8 on the reionization duration.
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Patchy Helium and Hydrogen Reionization from the Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Galaxies
Forecasts show that cross-correlating kSZ temperature-squared maps with galaxy-reconstructed velocity-squared maps can jointly constrain hydrogen and helium reionization, making helium measurable with CMB-HD and MegaMapper.
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