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Exploring orbital angular momentum and spin-orbit correlation for gluons at the Electron-Ion Collider
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abstract
In our previous work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 182002 (2022)], we introduced a pioneering observable aimed at experimentally detecting the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of gluons. Our focus was on the longitudinal double spin asymmetry observed in exclusive dijet production during electron-proton scattering. We demonstrated the sensitivity of the $\cos \phi$ angular correlation between the scattered electron and proton as a probe for gluon OAM at small-$x$ and its intricate interplay with gluon helicity. This current work provides a comprehensive exposition, diving further into the aforementioned calculation with added elaboration and in-depth analysis. We reveal that, in addition to the gluon OAM, one also gains access to the spin-orbit correlation of gluons. We supplement our work with a detailed numerical analysis of our observables for the kinematics of the Electron-Ion Collider. In addition to dijet production, we also consider the recently proposed semi-inclusive diffractive deep inelastic scattering process which potentially offers experimental advantages over dijet measurements. Finally, we investigate quark-channel contributions to these processes and find an unexpected breakdown of collinear factorization.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Parton distributions in the shockwave formalism
A single shockwave Feynman-rule framework reproduces and extends prior small-x parton distributions, yielding new quark GTMD/GPD/PDF and diffractive-TMD results.
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Gluon GTMDs in the exclusive electroproduction of heavy-quark pairs
Exclusive heavy-quark pair electroproduction is expressed through gluon GTMDs, with all azimuthal modulations catalogued and shown to reduce consistently to GPD-based formulas in the collinear limit.
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Exclusive Quark and Gluon Dijet Production as Probes of GPDs at Collider Energies
Exclusive quark and gluon dijet electroproduction is analyzed in collinear factorization as a GPD probe, extending prior work with helicity GPDs and an electromagnetic channel, with HERA comparisons and EIC projections.
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Gluon Generalized TMD signatures at the EIC from exclusive heavy (axial-)vector meson production
Exclusive heavy vector-meson electroproduction can yield cos2φ and sin2φ azimuthal asymmetries whose coefficients contain moments of gluon GTMDs F_{1,4} and G_{1,1}.
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Spin Structure of the Nucleon: Overview
A pedagogical review consolidates the proton spin decomposition into quark/gluon spin and orbital angular momentum, emphasizing gauge-invariant OAM definitions, small-x cancellations, and EIC observables.
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