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Solar reflection of dark matter with dark-photon mediators
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abstract
We consider the scattering of low-mass halo dark-matter particles in the hot plasma of the Sun, focusing on dark matter that interact with ordinary matter through a dark-photon mediator. The resulting ``solar-reflected'' dark matter (SRDM) component contains high-velocity particles, which significantly extend the sensitivity of terrestrial direct-detection experiments to sub-MeV dark-matter masses. We use a detailed Monte-Carlo simulation to model the propagation and scattering of dark-matter particles in the Sun, including thermal effects, with special emphasis on ultralight dark-photon mediators. We study the properties of the SRDM flux, obtain exclusion limits from various direct-detection experiments, and provide projections for future experiments, focusing especially on those with silicon and xenon targets. We find that proposed future experiments with xenon and silicon targets can probe the entire ``freeze-in benchmark,'' in which dark matter is coupled to an ultralight dark photon, including dark-matter masses as low as $\mathcal{O}$(keV). Our simulations and SRDM fluxes are publicly available.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Primordial black holes as cosmic accelerators of light dark matter: Novel direct detection constraints
Primordial black hole evaporation generates light fermionic dark matter capable of producing electron recoils in XENONnT, LZ, and PandaX-4T, enabling new constraints on DM-electron interactions after including Earth a...
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Solar Reflected Dark Matter under the Influence of a Dark Magnetic Field
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SENSEI: A Search for Diurnal Modulation in sub-GeV Dark Matter Scattering
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Constraints on Sub-MeV Dark Matter from Solar Reflection with DAMIC-M
With ~1.3 kg-day of DAMIC-M skipper-CCD data, solar-reflected dark matter yields 90% CL limits on the DM-electron cross section reaching 3.16e-37 cm2 at 0.1 MeV for an ultralight mediator.
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Cosmic-ray-electron boosted light dark matter: Implications of LZ 2025 data
Using LZ 2025 data, cosmic-ray-electron boosted sub-MeV dark matter is constrained at levels at or below the previous XENONnT reach, with the strongest gains claimed for light mediators.
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Sub-GeV Dark Matter Under Pressure from Direct Detection
PandaX-4T S2-only data yields world-leading sub-GeV dark matter-electron scattering limits for heavy mediators in the 20-200 MeV range, although the result largely overlaps with the collaboration's own just-released analysis.
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