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Locating the critical point for the hadron to quark-gluon plasma phase transition from finite-size scaling of proton cumulants in heavy-ion collisions
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abstract
We perform a finite-size scaling analysis of net-proton number cumulants in Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energies between $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 2.4$ GeV and 54.4 GeV to search for evidence of a critical point in the QCD phase diagram. In our analysis, we use both susceptibility and Binder cumulants which we extract from the second and fourth moments of the net-proton number distributions. We take measurements in different rapidity bin widths, corresponding to different subvolumes of the system, as probes of different length scales. We use model simulations to verify the applicability of this approach, then apply it to data and find evidence for a critical point near the baryon chemical potential of $\mu_{B} \approx 625$ MeV and temperature of $T \approx 140$ MeV. The Binder cumulants, also analyzed in varying rapidity bin widths, provide complementary evidence for a critical point in a similar region. This is the first analysis of experimental data to locate the critical point in a range consistent with theoretical predictions.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Lattice QCD constraints on the critical point from an improved precision equation of state
An improved lattice QCD equation of state, combined with entropy contours continued from imaginary chemical potential, excludes a QCD critical point below μB = 450 MeV at 2σ confidence.
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An equation of state selected to match neutron star mass-radius data also describes HADES heavy-ion observables when implemented with momentum-dependent potentials in UrQMD.
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Recent STAR Measurements from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan II
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Exploring the QCD phase diagram through correlations and fluctuations
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Toward a Unified Understanding of the Dense Matter Equation of State
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