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The $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$ duality and the non-invertible $U(1)$ symmetry of Maxwell theory
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abstract
Recent proposals for the Symmetry Topological Field Theory (SymTFT) of Maxwell theory admit a 0-form symmetry compatible with the classical $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$ duality of electromagnetism. We describe how to realize these automorphisms of the SymTFT in terms of its operators and we detail their effects on the dynamical theory and its global variants. In the process, we show that the classical $U(1)$ symmetry, corresponding to the stabilizer of $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$, can be restored as a non-invertible one, by means of an infinite series of discrete gauging. This provides an example of the reemergence of a classical symmetry in the quantum regime, which was not broken by anomalies, but rather by the quantization of electromagnetic fluxes. However, this procedure comes at the price of introducing "continuous" condensates that trivialize all line operators.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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The Line, the Strip and the Duality Defect
The XY-plaquette model is claimed to possess a continuous SO(2) non-invertible duality symmetry at arbitrary coupling, realized by open condensation defects in its symmetry TFT.
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Notes on (-2)-form symmetries
Introduces (-2)-form symmetries that modify the SymTFT action to relate QFTs differing by anomaly data or non-invertible symmetry associators, illustrated in 2D-4D models, fusion categories, club-sandwich RG flows, an...
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SymTFT for Continuous Symmetries: Non-linear Realizations and Spontaneous Breaking
Continuous-symmetry SymTFTs are extended to non-linear coset realizations and to spontaneous breaking using boundary and corner constructions, recovering CCWZ actions and SSB Ward identities.
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M2-branes, Higher Form Symmetries and 1-Gerbes
A torsion gerbe on the M2-brane worldvolume cancels a mixed higher-form anomaly, breaking U(1) symmetries to discrete subgroups and imposing a worldvolume flux condition.
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